陕北地区苹果不同砧穗组合综合评价与需水规律研究  

Comprehensive Evaluation of Different Apple Rootstock Combinations and Water Requirement Patterns in North Shaanxi Region

作　　者：祁巧云 刘萍 王睿峰 邹养军[1] 马锋旺[1] 管清美[1] 徐记迪 QI Qiaoyun;LIU Ping;WANG Ruifeng;ZOU Yangjun;MA Fengwang;GUAN Qingmei;XU Jidi(College of Horticulture,State Key Laboratoyry of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2023年第11期31-37,45,共8页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发项目果树优质丰产的生理基础与调控(编号:2019YFD1000100)。

摘　　要：为筛选出适合陕北地区栽培的最佳砧穗组合,试验以洛川苹果试验站不同栽培模式的四种苹果砧穗组合(富士冠军/M26/八棱海棠、岩富10号/M26、长富2号/八棱海棠、长富2号/中砧1号)为试验对象,对树体生长发育、果实品质及产量等进行测定,综合评价不同砧穗组合的水分利用效率、果实品质和产量。另外,根据逐月实测两地2021~2022年果园土壤水分,结合气象资料分析了洛川苹果生育期需水特征,获得主要成果如下:对四种苹果砧穗组合的果实品质、水分利用效率、产量等指标利用隶属函数法综合评价,排序从高到低依次为岩富10号/M26、富士冠军/M26/八棱海棠、长富2号/八棱海棠、长富2号/中砧1号。2021年洛川果园生长季耗水量ET_(0)总计879.7 mm,2022年生长季耗水量ET_(0)总计798 mm。根据ET_(0)在全生育期内的变化幅度得出苹果树耗水趋势为:果树在萌芽开花期耗水增多,耗水量在7月果实膨大期达到峰值,秋季进入成熟期,耗水量一定程度减少。试验还计算出适合苹果树各个生育期阶段的灌溉需水量,丰水年洛川全生育期适宜灌溉需水量合计137.25 m^(3)/667 m^(2),干旱年全生育期适宜灌溉需水量合计172.80 m^(3)/667 m^(2),果树萌芽开花期需水量最低,果实膨大期适宜灌溉需水量最高,结果可以对精准灌溉、适时补灌提供参考。In order to select the best rootstock combinations suitable for cultivation in north Shaanxi,four apple rootstock combinations(Fuji Champion/M26/Malus robusta Rehd.,Yanfu No.10/M26,Changfu No.2/Malus robusta Rehd,Changfu No.2/Zhongzhen No.1)with different cultivation patterns at the Luochuan Apple Experiment Station were used as test subjects,the aime was to determine tree growth and development,fruit quality and yield,and to comprehensively evaluate the water use efficiency,fruit quality and yield of different rootstock combinations.The experiment was conducted to evaluate the water use efficiency,fruit quality and yield of the different rootstock combinations.The results showed that the fruit quality,water use efficiency,and yield of four apple rootstock combinations were evaluated comprehensively using the affiliation function method,and the ranking was from highest to lowest as Yanfu No.10/M26,Fuji Champion/M26/Malus robusta Rehd,Changfu No.2/Malus robusta Rehd,and Changfu No.2/Zhongzhen No.1.The total water consumption in the orchards of Luochuan in 2021 was 879.7 mm and total ET_(0) water consumption was 798 mm in 2022,and the trend of water consumption in apple trees depended on the variation of ET_(0) throughout the reproductive period.Water consumption decreased to a certain extent in autumn,when the trees reached maturity.The experiment also calculated the appropriate irrigation water requirements for each stage of apple tree fertility.This study provides a reference for precise irrigation and timely replenishment.

关 键 词：苹果 陕北地区 砧穗组合 需水规律 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]