经济犯罪视角下赌博犯罪的处罚根据与界限  

Basis and Limits of Punishment for the Crime of Gambling from the Perspective of Economic Crime

作　　者：蔡颖 CAI Ying

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《政治与法律》2023年第12期74-88,共15页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：赌博犯罪的认定一直是司法实务中的难题。要解决这一难题,关键是要明确赌博犯罪的处罚根据。主流学说认为赌博犯罪保护的是善良风俗或者社会安全秩序。然而,善良风俗说未说明赌博为何具有极高的背德性,难以证成刑法介入的正当性。社会秩序说无法证明赌博是引发后续犯罪的关键因素,难以证成刑法介入的必要性。应当从经济犯罪的视角重新理解赌博犯罪。赌博是组织、参与赌博的各方之间进行的随机财富再分配,这样的财富分配不仅不能产生价值,而且有害于社会经济秩序。若允许赌博合法化,财富将不断从赌徒流向庄家,从更贫穷的人流向更富有的人。并且,赌博具有成瘾性和反复性。若不加以规制,赌博就将如同癌细胞一样发展,挤压正常经济秩序的空间,使社会市场失灵,经济目的落空。反之,即便某一项行为具备偶然性和涉财性等外观,但若其不具有赌博的经济特征,则不宜将其认定为赌博犯罪。The determination of the crime of gambling has always been a difficult issue in judicial practice.To solve this problem,the key is to clarify the basis of punishment for the crime of gambling.The dominant doctrine is that the legislation on crime of gambling protects the good customs or social security order.However,doctrine of good customs fails to explain why gambling has a very high degree of immorality,thus being hard to justify the involvement of criminal law in gambling.The doctrine of social order fails to prove that gambling is the key factor that triggers subsequent crimes,thus being hard to prove the necessity of the involvement of criminal law.The crime of gambling should be reunderstood from the perspective of economic crime.Gambling is a random redistribution of wealth between parties who organize and participate in gambling,and such a distribution of wealth not only fails to generate value,but also is detrimental to the social and economic order.If gambling is allowed to be legalized,wealth will continue to flow from gamblers to book makers and from poorer people to richer people.Moreover,gambling is addictive and repetitive.If it is not regulated,gambling will develop like a cancer,squeezing the space of the normal economic order,making the social market malfunction and defeating the economic purpose.Instead,even if an act has the appearance of being accidental and involving money,if it does not have the economic characteristics of gambling,it is not appropriate to recognize it as the crime of gambling.

关 键 词：赌博 经济犯罪说 累积犯 财富分配 

分 类 号：DF625[政治法律—刑法学]