不同类型蛋鸡品种卵巢及卵泡发育变化规律分析  

Change Patterns of Ovary and Follicle Development Between Different Types of Layer

作　　者：沈曼曼[1,2] 窦套存 马猛[1] 卢建[1] 王星果[1] 胡玉萍[1] 王克华[1] 曲亮[1] SHEN Manman;DOU Taocun;MA Meng;LU Jian;WANG Xingguo;HU Yuping;WANG Kehua;QU Liang(Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225125;College of Biotechnology,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu 212018)

机构地区：[1]江苏省家禽科学研究所,江苏扬州225125 [2]江苏科技大学生物技术学院,江苏镇江212018

出　　处：《中国家禽》2023年第12期9-15,共7页China Poultry

基　　金：江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(JATS[2022]336);江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS[2021]104);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-40-K01)。

摘　　要：研究旨在分析地方特色蛋鸡与高产蛋鸡卵巢及卵泡发育规律,为地方鸡种质资源开发利用提供参考依据。以神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡为素材,分析13~60周龄卵巢及各级卵泡发育变化规律。13~28周龄每周、30~40周龄每两周、40~60周龄每4周每个鸡种随机选择12只左右母鸡进行屠宰,分别统计等级卵泡(直径>8mm)、小黄卵泡(直径4~8mm)和大白卵泡(直径2~4mm)的数量和重量,并将上述卵泡去除后对卵巢基部进行称重作为卵巢重。结果显示:两个鸡种在开产前卵巢和大白卵泡发育缓慢,而开产后迅速发育,神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡在16周龄时有小黄卵泡发育,海兰褐蛋鸡在17周龄时有小黄卵泡发育,整体上海兰褐蛋鸡卵巢发育的整齐度优于神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡。产蛋率50%至60周龄期间神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡卵巢重分别为4.33g和5.15g,小黄卵泡数分别为13.2个和15.2个,等级卵泡数分别4.9个和6.0个,上述指标神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡均显著低于海兰褐蛋鸡(P<0.05),而神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡大白卵泡数为19.9个,显著高于海兰褐蛋鸡的17.7个(P<0.05)。结果表明:卵巢重、小黄卵泡数和等级卵泡数在地方特色蛋鸡和高产蛋鸡产蛋期具有显著差异是导致产蛋性能差异的重要因素。This study aimed to investigate change patterns of the ovary and follicle development between local characteristic layer and high yielding layers,and provide a reference basis for exploring of genetic resource diversity in local chickens.This trial utilized hens of Shendan No.6 Green Shell layers and Hy-Line Brown layers to measure change patterns of ovaries and follicles from 13 to 60 weeks of age.Around 12 hens in each breed were randomly selected to slaughter every week from 13 to 28 weeks of age,every two weeks from 30 to 40 weeks of age,and every four weeks from 40 to 60 weeks of age.The number and weight of hier-archical follicles(diameter>8 mm),small yellow follicles(diameter between 4 and 8 mm),and large white follicles(diameter be-tween 2 and 4 mm)were measured,and the ovarian stroma was weighted excluding the above follicles.Similar development of the ovary and larger white follicle were observed before age of the first day.Small yellow follicles started to grow at 16 weeks of age in Shendan No.6 Green Shell layers and at 18 weeks of age in Hy-Line Brown layers.The uniformity of ovary development was bet-ter in Hy-Line Brown layers than that in Shendan No.6 Green Shell layers.The weights of ovarian stroma were 4.33 g and 5.15 g,the number of small yellow follicles was 13.2 and 15.2,and numbers of hierarchical follicles were 4.9 and 6.0 during the laying stage in Shendan No.6 Green Shell layers and Hy-Line Brown layers,respectively.The value of the aforementioned indicators in Shendan No.6 Green Shell layers was significantly lower than that in Hy-Line Brown layers.The number of large white follicles was 19.9 and 17.7 in Shendan No.6 Green Shell layers and Hy-Line Brown layers,respectively.In conclusion,weight of the ova-ry,the number of small yellow follicles,and hierarchical follicles were significantly different between local characteristic chicken and high yielding layers,which were key factors affecting laying performance.

关 键 词：卵泡发育 地方蛋鸡 等级卵泡 小黄卵泡 生长规律 

分 类 号：S831.2[农业科学—畜牧学]