玻璃态水凝胶:从凝胶材料的新状态到高性能  

Glassy Hydrogels:From New State to High Performances of Gel Materials

作　　者：胡佳妤 杜聪 张歆宁 郑强[1] 吴子良 Jia-yu Hu;Cong Du;Xin-ning Zhang;Qiang Zheng;Zi-liang Wu(Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学高分子科学与工程学系,杭州310058 [2]青岛大学材料科学与工程学院,青岛266071

出　　处：《高分子学报》2023年第12期1795-1816,共22页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号51973189,52173012);浙江省自然科学基金(基金号LR19E030002)资助项目.

摘　　要：高强度水凝胶的出现极大拓展了凝胶材料的应用领域.虽然一些合成水凝胶的强度、韧性已接近或超过软骨等生物凝胶,但其模量常小于1 MPa,远低于肌腱等缔结组织;其主要原因在于水分子对聚合物网络有极强的水化、塑化作用,导致凝胶处于高弹或黏弹状态.近期,我们通过分子设计在网络中形成稠密缔合结构,有效降低了链段的运动能力,制备出玻璃态水凝胶,实现了强度、模量、韧性的同步提升.玻璃态是凝胶材料的新状态,为高性能水凝胶的发展开辟了新途径,拓展了凝胶材料力学、黏弹行为的调控范围和应用领域.本专论从玻璃态水凝胶的基本特征、分子机制、设计原理、特殊功能等方面,总结并评述了近期玻璃态水凝胶合成制备及结构-性能关系的研究进展.最后,对玻璃态水凝胶在医学、工程等领域的应用进行了介绍,并对其面临的挑战和发展方向进行了展望.tract The rapid development of tough hydrogels has greatly expanded the application scope of gel materials.The strength and toughness of some synthetic hydrogels have surpassed those of soft biotissues,however,the elastic modulus of gels is usually less than 1 MPa,much lower than that of connective tissues such as tendons.One major reason is the water molecules have strong hydration and plasticizing effects on hydrophilic polymer network,resulting in the gels in the elastic or viscoelastic state.In recent years,we have developed high-performance(high strength,high stiffness,high toughness)hydrogels through molecular design to form dense and robust associative interactions within the matrix that effectively reduce the dynamics of the network to afford the gel in a glassy state at room temperature.The glassy state is one new state of gel materials,which opens a new avenue to develop high-performance hydrogels and broadens the tuning range of mechanical and viscoelastic behaviors as well as the application potentials.This account summarizes and reviews the synthesis and structure-property relationship of glassy hydrogels,including the general characters,molecular mechanism,design principles,and unique functions.Finally,we introduce some applications of glassy hydrogels in the fields of biomedicine,engineering,etc.,and give prospects to the challenges and future directions in this area.

关 键 词：水凝胶 玻璃态 缔合结构 力学性能 流变行为 

分 类 号：TQ427.26[化学工程]