聚苯胺薄膜的溶液表面制备及室温氨气气敏性能  

Fabrication of Polyaniline Film on Solution Surface and Ammonia Gas Sensing Performance at Room-temperature

作　　者：余家海 何谷平 石益文 龚卉彤 薛婧 孙丰强[1,2] Jia-hai Yu;Gu-ping He;Yi-wen Shi;Hui-tong Gong;Jing Xue;Feng-qiang Sun(School of Chemistry,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006;Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment,Ministry of Education,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006;School of Physics,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学化学学院,广州510006 [2]华南师范大学环境理论化学教育部重点实验室,广州510006 [3]华南师范大学物理学院,广州510006

出　　处：《高分子学报》2023年第12期1880-1890,共11页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：广东省高等学校珠江学者岗位计划项目(项目号2019);国家自然科学基金(基金号21571068);广东省自然科学基金(基金号2019A1515011389,2020A1515111084)资助项目.

摘　　要：提出了一种基于溶液表面的聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜及气敏器件的室温制备方法,以苯胺单体、盐酸和过硫酸铵为原料通过氧化聚合在其水溶液表面直接获得质子化聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜,并利用薄膜的可转移特性构筑气敏器件.研究发现溶液的pH对PANI致密薄膜的形成至关重要,从而提出了质子化苯胺单体优先在溶液表面聚集和聚合的PANI薄膜形成机制.该薄膜气敏器件能够对NH_(3)进行有效的室温检测,且性能随薄膜聚合温度和聚合时间的变化呈规律性变化,优选制备条件下(pH=0.6,室温18℃,聚合60 min)的薄膜其检测下限为10^(-6),响应与NH_(3)浓度呈良好的线性关系,并具有良好的重复性、选择性、快速响应和有竞争力的响应值.该薄膜制备工艺体现了“绿色”制备思想,且薄膜能够大面积制备并具有优异的气敏性能,有望为PANI-基薄膜的制备与室温气体传感器的研究与应用提供一种新的思路.A room-temperature approach based on the solution surface for the fabrication of polyaniline(PANI)film and gas sensitive devices was introduced in this study.The protonated PANI film was directly produced on the surface of the aqueous solution through oxidation polymerization way,only using the aniline monomer,hydrochloric acid,and ammonium persulfate as raw materials.The gas sensitive device was subsequently built based on the transferable properties of the film.A mechanism for PANI film production was therefore proposed,according to which protonated aniline monomers preferentially aggregate and polymerize on the solution surface.It was discovered that the pH of HCl solution was crucial for the creation of the PANI dense film.The film gas-sensitive device was successful in detecting NH_(3) at room temperature,and the response varied regularly with the temperature and duration of film polymerization.The resulting film has a lower detection limit of 0.7 mg/m^(3),a good linear response to NH_(3) in the range of 0.7‒140.0 mg/m^(3),good repeatability,selectivity,rapid response,and competitive response value under optimal fabrication conditions(pH=0.6,room temperature 18℃,and plolymerization of 60 min).Obviously,the fabrication process is environmentally friendly,the film can be produced across a vast surface area,and it exhibits outstanding gas sensitivity performance,all of which are anticipated to provide a new route for the fabrication of PANI-based films as well as for the research and application of room-temperature gas sensors.

关 键 词：聚苯胺薄膜 溶液表面聚合 室温制备 室温气敏性能 氨气 

分 类 号：TB383.2[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]