亚纳米尺度材料表面原子重排与电子离域  

Surface Atom Rearrangement and Electron Delocalization of the Sub-nanometric Materials

作　　者：张东政 刘清达 王训[1] Zhang Dongzheng;Liu Qingda;Wang Xun(Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials,Department of Chemistry,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学化学系、稀土新材料教育部工程研究中心,北京100084

出　　处：《化学学报》2023年第10期1462-1470,共9页Acta Chimica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.2224100031)资助.

摘　　要：亚纳米尺度是物质科学领域中的重要特征尺寸.亚纳米材料具有不同于分子基或传统纳米材料的若干独有性质,其尺寸与高分子单链/DNA直径、团簇及无机晶体单个晶胞尺寸相当.亚纳米材料表面原子比例接近100%,由此带来了显著的表面原子重排和电子离域效应.一维亚纳米材料具有优异的结构柔性、可加工性、粘性和可凝胶化等类高分子性质,有望成为打破高分子材料与无机材料之间界限的切入点.亚纳米材料中的电子离域改变了材料的电子和能带结构,并显著增强了其外场耦合效应,从而带来了优异的光热转换和催化等性质.围绕亚纳米尺度中的原子重排与电子离域进行探讨,重点关注亚纳米材料的精准合成组装、类高分子性质、电子结构及催化性质.期望本综述能够帮助研究者深入理解亚纳米尺度相互作用的耦合规律及构效关系,进一步推动亚纳米材料的精准合成和功能体系构建.Subnanometer scale is an important feature size in the field of material science.Sub-nanometric materials(SNMs)have several unique properties different from molecular-based or traditional nanomaterials,and their size is comparable to the diameters of the polymer single strand/DNA,clusters and the single unit cell of inorganic crystals.The surface atom ratio of SNMs is close to 100%,which brings significant surface atom rearrangement and electron delocalization effects.1D SNMs are expected to become an entry point to break the boundary between polymers and inorganic materials due to their excellent structural flexibility,machinability,viscosity and gelation.Electron delocalization in SNMs changes the electronic and band structures of the materials,and significantly enhances the external field coupling effects,resulting in excellent photothermal conversion and catalysis properties.This review focuses on the surface atom rearrangement and electron delocalization effects at the subnanometer scale.The precise synthesis and assembly,polymer-like properties,electronic structure,and catalytic properties of SNMs are introduced.It is hoped that this review can help to deeply understand the coupling law of subnanometer scale interactions and structure-function relationship,further promoting the accurate synthesis of SNMs and the construction of functional systems.

关 键 词：亚纳米材料 类高分子性质 催化 电子离域 表面原子重排 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]