水位对鄱阳湖赣江三角洲典型断面水环境质量变化的影响  

Impacts of water level on water quality of Ganjiang River Delta in Poyang Lake

作　　者：朱利英 郁达伟[1,6,7] 章美良 吴勇明 钱宇佳 喻可喆 陶茂梁 高婕 魏志华 桂双林 魏源送[1,6,7] ZHU Liying;YU Dawei;ZHANG Meiliang;WU Yongming;QIAN Yujia;YU Kezhe;TAO Maoliang;GAO Jie;WEI Zhihua;GUI Shuanglin;WEI Yuansong(State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085;Nanchang Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau,Nanchang 330038;Xinjian Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau of Nanchang City,Nanchang 330100;Nanchang Municipal Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center,Nanchang 330038;Institute of Energy Research,Jiangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanchang 330029;Laboratory of Water Pollution Control,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100085 [2]南昌市生态环境局,南昌330038 [3]南昌市新建生态环境局,南昌330100 [4]南昌市生态环境监测中心,南昌330038 [5]江西省科学院能源研究所,南昌330029 [6]中国科学院生态环境研究中心水污染控制实验室,北京100085 [7]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第11期115-124,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：长江生态环境保护修复联合研究二期项目(No.2022-LHYJ-02-0505-01);长江生态环境保护修复联合研究一期项目(No.2019-LHYJ-01-0211-18)。

摘　　要：鄱阳湖江湖关系复杂,以鄱阳湖赣江三角洲南矶山国家控制断面为研究对象,解析2019—2021年赣江和鄱阳湖水位变化及降雨等因素对断面水环境质量变化的影响.结果表明,鄱阳湖季节水位波动明显,洪水期水位最高(22.6 m),枯水期水位最低(7.33 m).暴雨多发生在涨水期和洪水期,其年降雨量占比最大,小雨是全年中频度最高的降雨类型.南矶山断面各水环境指标浓度以10月—次年2月(退水期和枯水期)波动最为明显,其中,浊度最高可达3695.5 NTU,总磷(TP)是断面水环境质量主要超标因子,2021年超标天数占比达92.90%,枯水期超标倍数最高(2.28倍).相关性分析发现水位、降雨量、浊度与水质指标浓度呈显著相关,水位是主要的影响因素.条件决策树方法分析发现,外洲水位和星子水位的阈值分别为14.02 m和11.54 m.当水位高于该阈值,TP浓度达到0.05 mg·L^(-1)(《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)湖库Ⅲ类标准)的占比最高;低于该阈值,浊度驱动TP浓度变化,浊度越低,TP达标率越高.The river-lake relationship of Poyang Lake was complicated,and the water environment variations of the section and its influencing factors in 2019—2021 were analyzed by taking the Nanjishan National Monitoring Section of Poyang Lake as the research object.The results showed that the seasonal water level of Poyang Lake fluctuates remarkably,with the highest water level(22.6 m)in the high lake water level period(HLP),and the lowest water level(7.33 m)in low lake water level period(LLP).Heavy rain mostly occurred in the river discharges period(RDP)and HLP,and its annual rainfall accounted for the largest proportion;light rain was the most frequent type of rainfall in the whole year.The concentration of water environment indexes of Nanjishan section fluctuated most significantly from October to February(the lake discharges period(LDP)and LLP),with the highest turbidity reaching 3695.5 NTU.TP was the main exceedance factor of the water environment at the section,accounting for 92.90%of the exceedance days in 2021,and the highest exceedance times(2.28 times)during LLP.The correlation analysis showed that water level,rainfall,turbidity and water quality index concentration were highly significantly correlated,with water level being the main influencing factor.The decision tree method showed that the threshold values of water level in Waizhou and Xingzi were 14.02 m and 11.54 m,respectively.when the water level was higher than the threshold,the highest percentage of TP concentration reached 0.05 mg·L^(-1)(Class III of GB3838-2002).When the water level was lower than the threshold,turbidity drove TP concentration variation,and the lower the turbidity value,the lower the TP concentration.

关 键 词：赣江三角洲 鄱阳湖 水位 水环境质量特征 影响因素 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]