中国337城市大气PM_(2.5)污染健康损失的来源贡献特征  

Source contributions of PM_(2.5)-associated health impacts of 337 cities in China

作　　者：吴瑞丽 张强[1] 赵红艳 覃馨莹 刘世淦 王正 郑逸璇 WU Ruili;ZHANG Qiang;ZHAO Hongyan;QIN Xinying;LIU Shigan;WANG Zheng;ZHENG Yixuan(Department of Earth System Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring,China National Environmental Monitoring Centre,Beijing 100012;School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;National Meteorological Information Center,Beijing 100081;Institute of Environmental Planning,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100012)

机构地区：[1]清华大学,地球系统科学系,北京100084 [2]中国环境监测总站,国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室,北京100012 [3]北京师范大学,环境学院,北京100875 [4]国家气象信息中心,北京100081 [5]生态环境部环境规划研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第11期173-181,共9页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.42205183);大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目(No.DQGG0201)。

摘　　要：大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))污染是我国面临的主要环境问题之一,会对人体健康产生不利影响.城市作为空气质量管理的基本单元,厘清城市大气PM_(2.5)污染健康损失的主要贡献来源具有重要意义.本研究结合PM_(2.5)污染源-受体敏感性矩阵模型、暴露响应评估模型和精细化人为排放源清单,估算了2017年我国337个城市、23类污染源排放对PM_(2.5)污染健康损失的贡献.结果表明,2017年我国337个城市人为源排放导致PM_(2.5)污染相关过早死亡约185.8(95%CI:174.2~196.5)万人,其中,40个贡献最大的城市排放对PM_(2.5)污染相关过早死亡的贡献达40%.从排放源来看,不同区域对PM_(2.5)污染健康损失贡献较大的排放源存在显著差异,在京津冀区域,贡献最大的排放源为钢铁厂(约3.4万人)、燃煤工业锅炉(约2.3万人)和民用燃煤(约1.8万人);在长三角区域为钢铁厂(约2.8万人)、燃煤电厂(约2.8万人)和道路柴油货车(约2.4万人);在汾渭平原区域为民用燃煤(约1.4万人)、燃煤电厂(约1.1万人)、民用生物质燃烧和燃煤工业锅炉(均约为0.8万人).从污染物排放导致的边际健康损失来看,一次PM_(2.5)排放的平均边际健康损失最高,为23.1×10^(4)元·t^(-1);SO_(2)、NO_(x)和NH_(3)排放的平均边际健康损失分别为5.55×10^(4)、4.59×10^(4)和4.59×10^(4)元·t^(-1).空间分布方面,我国东北和西部大部分地区的边际健康损失整体较小,而中东部大部分区域边际健康损失整体较高,并在人口密集区呈现出局部高值.Atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))pollution having adverse effects on human health is one of the major environmental problems in China.It is of great significance for cities,the basic unit of air quality management,to clarify the major contributors to the health loss of atmospheric PM_(2.5) pollution.This study combined the PM_(2.5) pollution source-receptor sensitivity matrix model,the exposure-response assessment model,and a refined anthropogenic emission source inventory to estimate the contribution of emissions from 337 cities and 23 types of pollution sources in China to the health loss of PM_(2.5) pollution in 2017.The results show that in 2017,anthropogenic source emissions in 337 cities in China caused about 1858000(95%CI:1742000~1965000)premature deaths related to PM_(2.5) exposure,of which 40 cities with the largest contribution contributed 40%to PM_(2.5) pollution-related premature deaths.In terms of emission sources,there were significant differences in emission sources that contributed significantly to the health loss of PM_(2.5) pollution in different regions.In the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the prime contributors were iron and steel plants(about 34000),coal-fired industrial boilers(~23000),and residential coal(~18000).Iron and steel plants(~28000),coal-fired power plants(~28000),and on-road diesel trucks(~24000)were the major contributors to the Yangtze River Delta region.In the Fen-Wei Plain area,residential coal(~14000),coal-fired power plants(~11000),and residential biomass(~8000)were the major sources.From the perspective of marginal health loss caused by air pollutant emissions,the average marginal health loss of PM_(2.5) emissions was the highest,reached up to 23.1×10^(4) yuan·t^(-1).The average marginal health losses of SO_(2),NO_(x),and NH_(3) emissions were 5.55×10^(4) yuan·t^(-1),4.59×10^(4) yuan·t^(-1),and 4.59×10^(4) yuan·t^(-1),respectively.In terms of spatial distribution,in most areas of northeast and western China,the marginal health losses were relatively smal

关 键 词：大气细颗粒物 337城市 源解析 精细化排放源 边际健康损失 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X503.1