土地经营权的信托流转困境与纾解——基于信托财产“双重所有权”的视角  

Difficulties and their relief in trust transfer of land management rights:From the perspective of"dual ownership"of trust property

作　　者：胡建 张驰翔 HU Jian;ZHANG Chixiang(School of Law and Politics,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学法政学院,杭州310018

出　　处：《浙江理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期709-717,共9页Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University：Social Sciences

基　　金：浙江省委政法委员会和浙江省法学会重点资助项目(2023NA08);浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划暨新苗人才计划(2023R406050)。

摘　　要：土地经营权信托有利于实现农业生产的规模化与市场化,但尚存在信托公司参与意愿较低、农地用途非农化倾向严重和部分地区公权力过度越权等问题。其深层原因在于信托农地产权内容以及归属不清。受托人和受益人对信托享有的“所有权”在我国传统民法立法体系下应当分别定义为所有权以及债权,土地经营权在信托流转形式中应定义为物权。土地经营权的适格受托人为专业的商事公司,主要权利和义务在于实现土地经营权的资本化运作;受益人应限于农户,主要权利在于监管信托公司的信托业务。此外,根据“三权分置”的基本原理,也可为其他主体安排适当权能,以促进土地经营权信托的高效流转。Land management right trust is conducive to the realization of the scale and marketization of agricultural production,but there are still problems such as low willingness of trust companies to participate,serious tendency of non-agriculturalization of agricultural land use,and excessive overstepping of public power in some areas.The deeper reason lies in the fact that the content and attribution of the agricultural land property rights in trust are unclear.In China's traditional civil law legislative system,the"ownership"trustees and beneficiaries of the trust enjoy should be defined as ownership and debt,while land management rights in the form of trust transfer should be defined as property rights.The qualified trustee of the land management right shall be a professional commercial company,whose main right and obligation are to realize the capitalization operation of the land management right;the beneficiary should be limited to farmers,whose main right is to supervise the trust business of the trust company.In addition,according to the basic principle of"separation of the three rights",appropriate rights can also be arranged for other subjects in order to promote the efficient circulation of land management right trusts.

关 键 词：土地经营权 信托流转 信托财产 双重所有权 物债二分 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]