极端水文事件对气候变化的热力学响应研究进展与评价  

Research advances and assessment of thermodynamic responses of hydrological extremes to climate change

作　　者：熊立华[1] 尹家波[1] 郭生练[1] XIONG Lihua;YIN Jiabo;GUO Shenglian(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《武汉大学学报(工学版)》2023年第12期1432-1444,共13页Engineering Journal of Wuhan University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(编号:52009091)。

摘　　要：全球变暖影响了气圈、水圈、地圈与生物圈的生物地球化学循环过程,改变了气候系统的热力和动力环境,对降水、蒸散、大气湿度、土壤墒情、陆地水储量等气象水文要素产生显著影响,热浪、暴雨、洪水、干旱等极端气候灾害频发,严重威胁人类社会和生态系统的可持续发展。近年来,部分学者尝试从大气热力学角度探讨极端水文事件演变的物理成因,为阐明全球和区域水循环变化机理提供了新途径。本文综述极端降水、洪水和干旱对气候变化热力学响应的基础理论与技术方法,重点回顾国内外近年来取得的研究进展,并展望未来的研究重点和方向,为应对气候变化和防灾减灾提供理论支撑。Global warming has affected the biogeochemical cycle of atmosphere,hydrosphere,geosphere and biosphere,changed the thermodynamic and dynamic conditions of the climate system,and exerted significant impacts on meteorological and hydrological elements such as precipitation,evapotranspiration,atmospheric humidity,soil moisture and terrestrial water storage.As a result,extreme climatic disasters such as heatwaves,storms,floods and droughts have increasingly occurred,threatening the sustainable development of human society and the ecosystem.In recent years,scholars have attempted to understand the physical causes of the evolution of hydrological extremes in terms of atmospheric thermodynamics to provide new ways to elucidate the evolution mechanism of global and regional water cycle.This study reviews the basic theories and technical methods of thermodynamic responses of precipitation extremes,floods and droughts to climate change,and highlights the main research progresses made at home and abroad in recent years.Future research emphasis and direction are also suggested,which may provide theoretical foundation for coping with climate change and mitigating hydrological disasters.

关 键 词：极端降水 洪水 干旱 气候变化 热力学 

分 类 号：TV124[水利工程—水文学及水资源]