城镇化进程中城镇教师政策的演进、缺憾和优化  

The Evolution,Shortcomings,and Optimization of Urban Teacher Policy in the Process of Urbaization

作　　者：徐龙 唐一山 XU Long;TANG Yishan(Faculty of Education,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715)

机构地区：[1]西南大学教育学部,重庆400715

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2023年第20期47-56,共10页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划青年基金项目“城乡学龄人口空间格局变化下教师资源优化配置研究”(22YJC880092);国家社会科学基金重大项目“教育阻断贫困代际传递的政策设计与评估研究”(18ZDA338)的部分成果。

摘　　要：随着我国城镇化进程持续推进,教师队伍建设作为城镇化建设之重要一环的作用逐渐凸显。既有研究相对重视城镇化进程中的农村教师问题,对城镇教师问题则相对忽视。事实上,现实中农村教师问题正在逐步好转,城镇教师问题则或许并未缓解,并使城乡教育都受到影响。鉴于此,亟应重视城镇教师问题,这可以从城镇教师政策的历史脉络中窥见一斑。城镇教师政策及其相关政策在整体上呈现出“渐进累积式”的演进形态,城镇教师政策内部则呈现出“激进摇摆式”的演进形态。这在一定程度上表明:城镇教师政策既“先天不足”,表现为施行的时间晚且文本少;又“后天不当”,表现为内容既不明确也不适配。如此政策的实施会导致城镇教师心理失衡、学校工作失据,亦可能会阻碍城镇化建设,且其程度随着城镇化进程的加快而加深。为此,应真正将城镇教师议题纳入政策视域和研究视域;要充分考虑人口流动的实际,向城镇教师适当倾斜政策资源,向农村教师精准投入政策资源;在城镇层面,要充分考虑不同学段、不同区域的实际,统筹教师资源配置。With the continuous advancement of urbanization in China,the role of teacher workforce construction as an important part of urbanization has gradually become prominent.Existing research has relatively emphasized the issue of rural teachers in the process of urbanization,while the issue of urban teachers has been relatively neglected.In reality,problems of rural teachers are gradually improving,while problems of urban teachers may not have been alleviated.As a result,both urban and rural education are affected.Given this,we should pay attention to the issues of urban teachers.This issue can be glimpsed from the historical context of urban teacher policies.Urban teacher policies and their related policies generally present a"gradual cumulative"evolution pattern,as a whole,while internal evolution of urban teacher policies presents a radical swing pattern.To some extent,this indicates that urban teacher policies are"inherently deficient",implemented late and with few texts;they are also"posteriorly inappropriate",with unclear and unsuitable content.The implementation of such policies leads to mental imbalances among urban teachers and loss of grip on school work,and may also hinder the construction of urbanization and the level of hindrance may deepen with the acceleration of the urbanization process in our country.Therefore,the issue of urban teachers should truly be included in the policy and research field;the reality of population mobility should be fully considered,policy resources should be appropriately tilted towards urban teachers,and policy resources should be accurately invested in rural teachers;at the urban level,the reality of different stages and regions should be fully considered to coordinate the allocation of teacherresources.

关 键 词：城镇教师 教师政策 城镇化 城镇教育 农村教师 

分 类 号：G451[文化科学—教育学]