紫萼叶斑病病原的分离与鉴定  

Isolation and identification of the pathogen causing leaf spot on Hosta ventricosa

作　　者：谭晓倩 赵娟[1] 余知和[2] 乔广行[1] 秦文韬 TAN Xiaoqian;ZHAO Juan;YU Zhihe;QIAO Guanghang;QIN Wentao(Institute of Plant Protection,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;College of Life Sciences,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物保护研究所,北京100097 [2]长江大学生命科学学院,荆州434025

出　　处：《植物病理学报》2023年第5期970-973,共4页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

基　　金：北京市农林科学院创新能力建设专项(KJCX201910);北京市农林科学院青年科研基金(QNJJ202313);北京市乡村振兴项目(BJXCZX20221229)。

摘　　要：紫萼(Hosta ventricosa),又名紫玉簪,属百合科(Liliaceae)玉簪属(Hosta)多年生宿根草本植物,主要种植于亚洲温带与亚热带地区,在庭院美化和城市绿化中占据重要地位[1]。2022年6月作者发现北京市丰台区北宫国家森林公园内紫萼叶斑病发生严重,发病率高达60%。发病部位多集中于叶片的尖端,初期在叶片上形成褪绿棕褐色病斑,椭圆形或不规则形状。随着病情发展,病斑逐渐扩大并连接在一起,近苍白色,后期叶片逐渐枯萎(图1)。为明确该地区紫萼叶斑病病原,对采集的病样进行组织分离培养,通过致病性测定等完成柯赫氏法则验证,根据形态学特征和分子生物学方法鉴定病原种类,以期为紫萼叶斑病科学防控提供理论依据。Hosta ventricosa plays important roles as an ornamental plant in urban landscaping.In June 2022,a severe outbreak of leaf spot was observed on H.ventricosa in Beigong National Forest Park,Beijing,China.Six fungal isolates with similar morphological features were obtained by tissue cultural method,and three of them JZBQ1400-2,JZBQ1400-3,JZBQ1400-4 were purified indicating the similarity to Alternaria morphology,and pathogenicity for the representative JZBQ1400-4 was confirmed based on the Koch's postulates.According to morphological features and phylogenetic analysis of ITS,EF-1α,GAPDH and OPA10-2 nucleotide sequences,the pathogen JZBQ1400-4 was identified as Alternaria alternata.To our knowledge,this is the first report of A.alternata causing leaf spot on H.ventricosa in China,which will provide scientific basis for effective control of the disease and enhancement of the landscape value of H.ventricosa.

关 键 词：病原种类 致病性测定 科学防控 玉簪属 叶斑病 城市绿化 褪绿 分子生物学方法 

分 类 号：S432.44[农业科学—植物病理学]