帷榻与屋帷:十六国北魏墓葬“饰帷”现象研究  

Bed-Curtain and House-Curtain:the‘Curtain-Decoration’in the Tombs of the Sixteen-Kingdom Period and the Northern-Wei Dynasty

作　　者：权弼成 Quan Bicheng

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2023年第11期67-80,148,共15页Palace Museum Journal

摘　　要：十六国北魏墓葬中出土有帐座、帐钩以及彩绘木杆等遗物,当属悬挂布幕的“饰帷”类器具,其组合、搭建的形式多样。本文梳理了该时期墓葬中出土“饰帷”的实物遗存与图像资料,根据墓室空间布局情况,认为十六国北魏墓葬中的“饰帷”可分为帷榻、屋帷与车帷三类,前两者为主要布置形式。帷榻、屋帷的布局方式可能受到汉晋时期墓葬壁画“饰帷”图像的影响。与汉晋时期墓葬中单独设立的帷帐相比,十六国北魏墓葬中的“饰帷”皆围绕墓主人搭建。该时期“饰帷”用于构建礼仪空间的属性趋于弱化,而普遍突出居室化、宅邸化的特征。“饰帷”文化内涵的转变,亦反映出十六国北魏时期部分南迁草原部族的文化认同。The object and image remains such as tent pedestals,tent hooks and painted wood-poles in the tombs of the Sixteen-Kingdom Period and the Northern-Wei Dynasty are identified as the devices used for hanging‘curtain accessories’,which work assembly or individually in use and function.The analysis based on these items,the illustrations and the spatial tomb-chambers finds that they are applied to ‘bed curtain’,‘house curtain’and‘car curtain’in type,with the first two as the dominant which are arranged in the way as is shown in the Han-Jin tomb-murals.Yet,the‘curtain’in the tombs of the Sixteen-Kingdom period and the Northern-Wei dynasty is set up with the tomb master as the center as a living-room or residence more than a ceremonial chamber in symbolic significance,which in design and layout differs from the isolated‘curtain’of the Han-Jin times.The changes represent the cultural identity by the prairie tribes who have migrated south of that time.

关 键 词：“饰帷” 十六国北魏时期 墓室空间 布置方式 文化认同 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K239.21[历史地理—历史学] K238