河津窑出土陶瓷器科技研究  

A Test and Analysis on the Porcelain Objects of Hejin Kiln Sites

作　　者：王小娟[1] 王晓毅 Wang Xiaojuan;Wang Xiaoyi

机构地区：[1]山西大学考古文博学院 [2]山西省考古研究院

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2023年第11期99-113,149,共16页Palace Museum Journal

摘　　要：本文通过对河津固镇瓷窑址出土的43件金代陶瓷片样品的胎釉化学组成和吸水率的检测分析,对河津窑金代制瓷工艺进行科技解读。白瓷瓷釉以钙系釉中的钙釉为主,部分为钙-碱釉,黑瓷釉以铁含量较高的铁系釉为主。细白瓷与粗白瓷的胎釉配方均存在差异。细白瓷可能选用了优质高岭土,瓷胎中呈色元素氧化铁、氧化钛含量较粗瓷类更低,结合高铝的特征和极低的吸水率,显示出工艺的精湛。以低温三彩六角形枕为代表的釉陶,吸水率最高,胎体组成显示为高铁低铝的普通易熔类黏土,釉面组成也明显不同于高温釉瓷。河津窑白瓷与北方定窑、邢窑和巩义窑的胎釉组成有共性,但也可看出窑口之间的差异。The test and analysis on 43 pieces of Jin-dynasty sampled shards unearthed at the kiln sites in Guzhen of Hejin County concerning glaze formula and water absorption rate is followed by the results:First,the white-glaze porcelain contain calcium most and calciumalkali glaze in part,while the black-glaze porcelain contain higher-iron content.Second,the compositions of glazes differ between the fine-white and the coarse-white porcelains.In detail,the fine-white porcelain are likely made from high-quality Gaoling clay with higheraluminum and lower water-absorption rate,which are featured by exquisite crafts with less colored elements such as iron oxide,titanium oxide than the coarse-white in content.Third,the glazed pottery with water absorption most is made from the common high-iron and low-aluminum fusible clay,which,with the tri-colored hexagonal glazed-pottery pillow as the typical,quite differs from the high-temperature in glaze-components.Although sharing glaze formula partly with the northern products of Ding Ware,Xing Ware and Gongyi Ware,Hejin white-porcelain can be distinguished with the feature by origin.

关 键 词：河津窑 金代 化学组成 胎釉配方 吸水率 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] TQ174.7[历史地理—历史学]