气候变化背景下黑河流域水文及水资源特征  

Hydrological and water resources characteristics in heihe river basin under the background of climate change

作　　者：柴会霞 谭立海 潘加朋 CHAI Huixia;TAN Lihai;PAN Jiapeng(Design Institute of Ganlan,Gansu Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey,Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Dunhuang Gobi and Desert Ecological and Environmental Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 73000,Gansu,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省水利水电勘测设计研究院有限责任公司甘兰设计院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院敦煌戈壁荒漠生态与环境研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2023年第S02期98-104,共7页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：华能集团总部科技项目“干旱半干旱地区光伏电站对生态环境的影响机制及生态恢复技术研究及应用”(HNKJ21-H76)。

摘　　要：研究黑河流域在气候变化影响下的水文及水资源特征,是未来探究该流域水文、水资源变化趋势的重要科学依据。基于气候变化背景下黑河流域不同时间尺度的水文与水资源统计年鉴及观测数据,对其降水量、径流量、水资源量及用水量进行定量分析。结果表明:2005—2018年,流域内年平均降水量为141.1 mm,降水相对变率存在着较大差异,且季、月降水量分布不均。2000—2009年流域内各水文站径流量均显著上升,其中扎马什克站多年平均径流增加量达0.38×10^(8)m^(3),且下游径流量高于上游。流域内水资源量和用水量也在2005—2018年明显改变,其水资源总量、地下水资源与用水量均明显上升且年增加量分别为0.04×10^(8)m^(3)、0.46×10^(8)m^(3)与0.35×10^(8)m^(3),但用水量在各行业分布不均,14年间流域内农田灌溉用水占总用水量达82.49%,直到近年来人为调控下才有所改观,其生态环境用水比例才得以从3.12%上升至5.05%并有持续增长的趋势。整体来看,气候变化背景下的黑河流域水文、水资源特征均受到了显著影响,流域内水资源供需关系仍不平衡,该研究对今后西北干旱区内陆河流域水情状况等研究具有重要意义。Studying the hydrological and water resources characteristics of the Heihe River Basin under the influence of climate change is an important scientific basis for exploring the trend of hydrology and water resources in the future.Based on the hydrological and water resources statistical yearbooks and observation data of different time scales in the Heihe River Basin,the precipitation,runoff,water resources and water consumption under the background of climate change are quantitatively analyzed.The results show that from 2005 to 2018,the annual precipitation in the basin showed a slight decreasing trend and the average annual precipitation was 141.1 mm.The distribution of seasonal and monthly precipitation was uneven.From 2000 to 2009,the runoff of each hydrological station in the basin increased significantly.Among them,the average annual runoff increase of Zhamashike station reached 0.38×108 m 3,and the midstream and downstream runoff was mostly higher than that of the upstream.The Yingluoxia station is located at the junction of the upstream and downstream,and the difference is significant.The amount of water resources and water consumption in the basin also changed significantly from 2005 to 2018.The total amount of water resources,groundwater resources and water consumption increased significantly and the annual increases were 0.04×108 m 3,0.46×108 m 3 and 0.35×108 m 3,respectively.However,the distribution of water consumption in various industries is uneven.During the 14 years,the irrigation water in the basin accounted for 82.49%of the total water consumption.Until recent years,it has improved under human regulation,and the proportion of ecological environment water has increased from 3.12%to 5.05%and has a trend of continuous growth.On the whole,the hydrological and water resources characteristics of the Heihe River Basin under the background of climate change have been significantly affected,and the supply and demand relationship of water resources in the basin is still unbalanced.This study is of grea

关 键 词：气候变化 黑河流域 水文特征 水资源 

分 类 号：TV211[水利工程—水文学及水资源]