钠离子电池低温电解质的研究进展与挑战  

Advances and Challenges of Low-Temperature Electrolyte for Sodium-Ion Batteries

作　　者：张广相 马驰 付传凯 刘子维 霍华 马玉林[1,2] Guangxiang Zhang;Chi Ma;Chuankai Fu;Ziwei Liu;Hua Huo;Yulin Ma(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学化工与化学学院,哈尔滨150001 [2]哈尔滨工业大学空间电源国家重点实验室,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《化学进展》2023年第10期1534-1543,共10页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.22075064);中国博士后科学基金项目(No.2022M710950)资助。

摘　　要：钠离子电池因资源丰富、成本低廉、安全性高及环境友好等优势,在低速电动汽车、大型储能系统等领域备受关注。电解质作为电池的重要组成部分之一,承担着在正负极间传输离子的作用,对电池的循环寿命、倍率、安全性及自放电等性能具有重要影响。然而,在低温环境下,由于离子电导率下降、电解质与正负极兼容性变差、去溶剂化能升高、电极/电解质界面性质变差等问题,使得钠离子电池难以发挥理想的性能。本文总结了近年来对低温电解质的钠离子溶剂化结构及电极/电解质界面的新认识,并对基于氢键网络破坏、弱溶剂化、快速反应动力学及阴离子干预的低温电解质设计策略进行了系统分析。最后,提出深入理解电解质的钠离子溶剂化结构、电极/电解质界面性质与电解质低温性能之间的关系是未来从电解质角度提升钠离子电池低温性能的关键。Sodium-ion batteries have attracted ever-increasing attention in the fields of low-speed electric vehicles,and large-scale energy storage systems due to the advantages of abundant resources,low cost,high safety,and environmental friendliness.As one of the important components of sodium-ion batteries,the electrolyte is responsible for ion transfer between the cathode and the anode,which has a significant impact on cycle life,high-rate,safety,and self-discharge performance of sodium-ion batteries.However,it is difficult for sodium-ion batteries to perform well at low temperatures due to the decrease in ionic conductivity,the poor compatibility between the electrolyte and the electrode,the increase of desolvating power,and the poor properties of the electrode/electrolyte interphase.In this paper,the new understanding of the Na+solvation structure in the electrolyte and the electrode/electrolyte interphase in recent years are summarized.And the design strategies of low-temperature electrolyte based on H-bond network breakdown,weak solvation,rapid reaction kinetics,and anion intervention are systematically analyzed.Finally,it is pointed out that the key to improving the low-temperature performance of sodium-ion batteries from the perspective of electrolyte is to understand the relationship between the Na+solvation structure,the electrode/electrolyte interface properties,and the lowtemperature performance of electrolyte.

关 键 词：钠离子电池 电解质 低温 电极/电解质界面 溶剂化结构 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学] O614.111[理学—化学] TQ152[化学工程—电化学工业]