全国人大常委会法工委备案审查意见的司法功能及其限度  

The Judicial Function and Limits of Record and Review Opinions of the LAC of the NPCSC

作　　者：赵计义 Zhao Ji-yi

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2023年第4期1-13,共13页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“合宪性审查筛选机制研究”(项目编号:20BFX030)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自2017年以来,我国法院开始在裁判文书中援引全国人大常委会法工委的备案审查意见,但法院援引备案审查意见的案件数量较少,且存在错误援引、裁判结果与备案审查意见不一致等问题。备案审查意见不是法院的裁判依据,而是法院裁判的参考。对于法院而言,此类意见具有“作为拒绝适用违法规范性文件的理由”及“作为欠缺法律规则时的论证材料”的双重功能。法院对备案审查意见的司法援引受制于以下因素:第一,全国人大常委会法工委对审查对象采取非全面审查和柔性化纠错方式,致使备案审查意见难以为个案法律适用提供明确指引;第二,备案审查意见公开程度有限,造成法院无法援引或错误援引;第三,备案审查意见对法院案件审理不具有规范约束力。为此,应提高备案审查意见的公开程度,允许法院调取相关备案审查意见,必要时全国人大常委会应作出能够对法院案件审理产生规范约束力的正式备案审查决定。Chinese courts have begun to cite the record and review opinions of the Legislative Affairs Commission(“LAC”)of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress(“NPCSC”)in judicial documents since 2017.However,the court just cites the record and review opinion in few cases,and there are also problems such as incorrect citation and inconsistency with the record and review opinions.The record and review opinions are not only the basis for court decisions,but rather the reference for court decisions.The record and review opinions may serve as reasons for the court to refuse applying illegal normative documents and as proof material in the absence of legal rules.The citation of the record and review opinions is restricted by the following factors:Firstly,the LAC of the NPCSC does not conduct a comprehensive review,and adopts a flexible error correction method for the object.As a result,the record and review opinion can not provide clear guidance for the application of law in individual cases by the court.Secondly,the disclosure of the record and review opinions is not sufficient,which might lead to the phenomenon that the court was unable to cite or mistakenly citations.Thirdly,the record and review opinions do not have a normative binding force on the court.Thus,the level of disclosure of the record and review opinions should be improved,and the court should be enpowered to access relevant record and review opinions.If necessary,the NPCSC should make formal record and review decisions that have normative binding force on court cases.

关 键 词：备案审查 司法援引 审查研究意见 裁判理由 全国人大常委会决定 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]