不同锻炼方式对中职生身心健康影响的比较分析  

Study on the Influence of Physical Exercise Mode on the Physical Fitness of Students in Secondary Vocational Schools

作　　者：杨毅宁 YANG Yining(Fujian Polytechnic Normal University,Fuqing,Fujian 350300,China;Cavite State University,Cavite 99900,Philippines)

机构地区：[1]福建技术师范学院体育学院,福建福清350300 [2]卡威迪国立大学,菲律宾卡威迪99900

出　　处：《福建技术师范学院学报》2023年第5期683-690,共8页JOURNAL OF FUJIAN POLYTECHNIC NORMAL UNIVERSITY

基　　金：福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(JAS20215).

摘　　要：观察太极拳、民族舞蹈、健身跑、健美操等4项东西方体育锻炼方式对促进中职学生身心健康的作用及差异,为中职学生体育课内及课外锻炼方式的选择提供一定的理论指导.本研究以班级为单位采用随机整群抽样的方法从福建技术师范学院附属4所中职学校中共抽取1455名学生作为研究对象,使用健康调查量表和心境状态量表分别对4组中职学生身心健康进行量化评价,观察锻炼前后组内及组间差异.研究结果表明:4项体育锻炼方式均能显著改善学生身体健康水平,但是各方式之间没有显著的差异;4项体育锻炼方式均能显著改善学生的心理健康状态,但他们对心理各个维度的改善是不同的,太极拳能够明显改善中职学生激动情绪、慌乱维度,民族舞蹈能够显著改善中职学生紧张维度,健身操能够显著改善疲劳和精力维度,而健身跑能够显著改善中职学生抑郁维度.因此,在为中职学校学生选择体育锻炼方式时,应充分了解学生心理状态,根据其心理特点选择更为合适的体育锻炼方式,能够更有效地改善中职学生的生理和心理健康.This study observes the effects and differences of four ways of physical exercise(Tai Chi,folk dance,fitness running and aerobics),both eastern and Western,on promoting the physical and mental health of secondary vocational school students,and provides some theoretical guidance for the choice of exercise methods for secondary vocational school students in and out of class.A total of 1455 students were selected from four secondary vocational schools affiliated to Fujian Polytechnic Normal University by random cluster sampling,and the physical and mental health of the four groups of secondary vocational students were quantitatively evaluated by using the MOS 36-item short form health survey and the Profile of Mood States respectively,and the differences between the groups before and after exercise were observed.The results show that all the four physical exercise methods can significantly improve students physical health,and there is no significant difference among them.Similarly,the four physical exercise methods can significantly improve students mental health,but vary in the effect on different dimensions of mood.Tai Chi can obviously relieve excitement and panic,folk dance helps to relieve tension,aerobics can alleviate fatigue and boost energy,while fitness running assists in countering depression.Therefore,when choosing physical exercise methods for students in secondary vocational schools,it is necessary to know their psychological state and choose a suitable way of physical exercise accordingly,which will effectively improve their physical and mental health.

关 键 词：体育锻炼 中职学生 身心健康 心境 

分 类 号：G804[文化科学—运动人体科学]