四川水浇地和旱地空间转变下的土壤资源结构特征  

Characteristics of Soil Resources Under Spatial Transformation of Irrigated and Rain-fed Cropland in Sichuan

作　　者：王谢[1,2] 杨民烽 李芹 张远盖 唐甜[1] 龙涛 张建华[1] 刘永红[2] WANG Xie;YANG Minfeng;LI Qin;ZHANG Yuangai;TANG Tian;LONG Tao;ZHANG Jianhua;LIU Yonghong(Key Laboratory of Southwest Mountain Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066;Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066;Sichuan Branch of China Tobacco Corporation,Chengdu 610000)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部西南山地农业环境重点实验室,成都610066 [2]四川省农业科学院,成都610066 [3]中国烟草总公司四川省公司,成都610000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第31期106-112,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：四川省自然科学基金“泥石流滩地植被重塑中土壤碳库的生物地球化学行为及微生物组响应”(2023NSFSCO761);科技部“十四五”重点研发计划“川渝瘠薄坡耕地土壤多源增碳消障产品与技术”(2022YFD1901400);现代农业产业技术体系“蚕桑体系”(CARS18);中国烟草总公司四川省公司科技项目“四川植烟土壤标本制作与查询系统开发”(SCYC202007);中国烟草总公司四川省公司科技项目“四川烟区烟叶生产农机农艺融合技术体系的构建与应用”(SCYC202308)。

摘　　要：为进一步揭示四川农区耕地土壤资源的过去和现状,以四川省雨养旱地和水浇地2种主要耕地类型为研究对象,探讨1985—2020年2种耕地类型的面积、空间分布和土壤资源组成的演变特征,评价土壤资源供给农业生产的多样性演变规律。结果表明:(1)1985—2020年四川省雨养旱地面积整体呈现减少趋势,水浇地面积整体呈现增加趋势。(2)川东、川中丘陵区雨养旱地面积表现为减少趋势,而攀西地区表现为增加趋势。(3)成都平原区水浇地减少,而川东、川中丘陵区表现为增加趋势。(4)雨养旱地减少的区域和水浇地增加的区域具有明显的重叠性,其发生区域的土壤资源主要从属于初育土纲、铁铝土纲和人为土纲。(5)随着雨养旱地空间分布的改变,耕地中紫色土、黄壤和水稻土占比呈现显著减少趋势。上述结果明确了四川农区耕地转移导致区域土壤资源供给农业生产的结构发生改变,也暗示了大尺度上的农田水肥管理应强化考虑水分供给能力和土壤类型变化。To further reveal the past and present situation of cultivated land soil resources in Sichuan agricultural area,taking the rain-fed cropland and irrigated cropland in Sichuan Province as the research objects,the evolution characteristics of the area,spatial distribution and soil resource composition of the two types of cultivated land from 1985 to 2020 were discussed,and the evolution law of their diversity was evaluated.The results showed that:(1)from 1985 to 2020,the overall area of rain-fed cropland in Sichuan Province showed a decreasing trend,while the overall area of irrigated land showed an increasing trend.(2)The area of rain-fed cropland in the hilly areas of eastern and central Sichuan showed a decreasing trend,while that in Panzhihua-Xichang hilly areas showed an increasing trend.(3)The area of irrigated land decreased in the Chengdu Plain,while it showed an increasing trend in the eastern and central hilly areas.(4)The decrease of rain-fed cropland and the increase of irrigated cropland had obvious overlap,and the soil resources in the area of rain-fed cropland mainly belong to Skeletol primitive soils,Ferralisols and Anthrosols.(5)With the change of spatial distribution of rain-fed cropland,purple soil,yellow soil and paddy soil in cultivated land showed a significant decreasing trend.The above results clarified that the transfer of croplands in Sichuan had led to changes in the structure of regional soil resources supply to agricultural production,and also suggested that water supply capacity and soil type changes should be specially considered for water and fertilizer management in farmland on a large scale.

关 键 词：灌溉 雨养旱地 水浇地 土壤类型 多样性指数 

分 类 号：P934[天文地球—自然地理学] S155[农业科学—土壤学] S159[农业科学—农业基础科学] S155.4