不同配方施肥对油茶林地土壤酶活性、微生物群落结构及产量和品质影响  

Effect of Different Formula Fertilizations on Soil Enzyme Activity,Microbial Community Structure,Fruit Yield and Quality in Camellia oleifera Woodland

作　　者：邹英武 杜洋文[2] 程军勇[2] 李金柱[2] 夏建梅 江迎春 ZOU Yingwu;DU Yangwen;CHENG Junyong;LI Jinzhu;XIA Jianmei;JIANG Yingchun(Wunaoshan Forest Farm of Macheng City,Macheng,Hubei 436100;Hubei Academy of Forestry,Wuhan 430075;Lingrui Camellia Research Institute of Xinxian,Xinxian,Henan 464000;Futian River Forestry Station of Macheng Forestry Bureau,Macheng,Hubei 438300)

机构地区：[1]麻城市五脑山林场,湖北麻城436100 [2]湖北省林业科学研究院,武汉430075 [3]河南新县羚锐油茶研究院,河南新县464000 [4]麻城市福田河林业站,湖北麻城438300

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第31期113-121,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目“油茶林提质增效与省力化经营技术研发”(2020BBA042);经济林木种质改良与资源综合利用湖北省重点实验室“幼龄油茶养分吸收分配特性研究”(202140704)。

摘　　要：为探索油茶林地合理施肥技术措施,以缓释肥、复合肥、有机肥及施肥深度为试验因子,以不同配比设计9个试验处理及对照处理,研究不同配比施肥对油茶林地土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性及总有机碳、微生物量碳含量,以及对油茶叶片养分含量、单株鲜果质量、种仁含油率和脂肪酸组分含量的影响。结果表明,10个施肥处理间土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性及总有机碳、微生物量碳含量,以及对油茶叶片养分含量、单株鲜果质量、种仁含油率和脂肪酸组分含量差异显著,以处理6和处理7土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性及总有机碳、微生物量碳含量较大,分别比对照最大提高63.45%、67.15%、27.34%、45.52%、206.49%和51.41%,单株鲜果质量、种仁含油率及果实品质综合以处理7、处理6、处理9和处理8效果较好,单株鲜果质量最高达到5.56 kg,比对照处理提高148.41%;种仁含油率最高达到36.63%,比对照处理提高22.51%。相关性表明,土壤酶与种仁含油率及果实品质间、土壤碳含量与单株鲜果质量间存在显著相关关系。综合表明,试验林地采用处理7和处理6可显著增加土壤酶活性,提高土壤碳含量,从而达到提高油茶产量和含油率以及改善果实品质的目的。To explore the reasonable fertilization technical measures of Camellia oleifera woodland,slow release fertilizer,compound fertilizer,organic fertilizer and fertilizer depth were used as test factors,and different ratios were designed into nine treatments and CK.The effect of different proportion on soil urease,sucrase,acid phosphatase,catalase activity and total organic carbon,microbial carbon content was studied,and its influence on nutrient content of leaves,fresh fruit quality,oil ratio and fatty acid component content difference was investigated.The results showed that there were significant differences in the activities of urease,sucrase,acid phosphatase and catalase in soil,and the contents of total organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon,as well as in the nutrient content of leaves,fruit weight of single plant,oil content of seed kernel and fatty acid components among the 10 fertilization treatments.The activities of urease,sucrase,acid phosphatase and catalase and the contents of total organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon in soil of treatment 6 and treatment 7 were higher than those of control by 63.45%,67.15%,27.34%,45.52%,206.49%and 51.41%,respectively.The results of treatments 7,6,9 and 8 showed the better effects,fruit weight per plant was up to 5.56 kg,which was 148.41%higher than that of control;the highest oil content of seed kernel was 36.63%,which was 22.51%higher than that of control.The correlation showed that soil enzymes were significantly correlated with kernel oil content and fruit quality,and soil carbon content was significantly correlated with fruit quality per plant.The results showed that treatment 7 and treatment 6 could significantly increase soil enzyme activity and soil carbon content,so as to improve the yield and oil content of camellia and the fruit quality.

关 键 词：配方施肥 油茶 土壤酶 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S725.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种]