液态地膜对花生农艺性状、产量及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Liquid Mulching Film on Agronomic Traits,Yield of Peanut and Soil Fertility

作　　者：宋莉 秦洁 黎轩 武晓燕[1] SONG Li;QIN Jie;LI Xuan;WU Xiaoyan(Tianjin Recyclable Resources Institute,All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives,Tianjin 300191)

机构地区：[1]中华全国供销合作总社天津再生资源研究所,天津300191

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第33期33-37,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划NQI重点专项“农业清洁与循环生产共性技术标准研究”(2018YFF0213500);自主研发项目“高韧性低成本液态地膜的研发”(ZSZY/YF-2021-001);自主研发项目“液态地膜对不同作物的田间应用效果研究”(ZSZY/YF-2022-001)。

摘　　要：为缓解花生种植中普遍应用塑料地膜造成的环境污染和土地退化,探明液态地膜在花生种植中的施用效果,本试验以无地膜覆盖的裸地种植为对照,比较了3种不同液态地膜喷施对于花生农艺性状、产量及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:液态地膜喷施能够促进花生的主茎高和侧枝长增长,改善花生的荚果性状,提高花生产量。在3个液态地膜处理中,功能液态地膜B对花生农艺形状的改善效果及产量提升效果最明显,使花生主茎高和侧枝长分别增长10.34 cm和11.00 cm,饱果率提高18.5%,幼果率提高50.0%,秕果率降低19.9%。通过产量估算,功能液态地膜B产量高于裸地种植1620 kg/hm^(2)。通过土壤养分分析,液态地膜喷施降低了花生收获期的土壤有机碳等有效养分,可能是液态地膜改善了土壤的水热条件,促进了花生的生长以及对养分的吸收,从而导致土壤养分含量的降低。To alleviate the environmental pollution and land degradation caused by the widespread application of plastic film in peanut planting,and to explore the application effect of liquid mulching film,this paper compared the effects of three different liquid mulching film on agronomic traits,the yield of peanut and soil fertility with the bare land without film mulching as the control.The results showed that liquid film could promote the growth of main stem mass and lateral branch length,and improve the pod traits and the yield of peanut.The functional liquid film B had the most obvious effect among the three treatments.The main stem height and lateral branch length of peanut increased by 10.34 cm and 11.00 cm.The full fruit rate increased by 18.5%,the immature peanuts rate increased by 50.0%,and the blighted peanuts rate decreased by 19.9%.Through yield estimation,the yield of spraying functional liquid film B was higher than that of bare land by 1620 kg/hm^(2).Through soil nutrient analysis,liquid film reduced the effective nutrients such as soil organic carbon during peanut harvest.It may be that liquid film improved the hydrothermal conditions of the soil,and promoted the growth and nutrient absorption of peanuts.

关 键 词：液态地膜 花生 农艺性状 产量 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]