不同覆膜方式对冷凉山区土壤水热效应及烤烟农艺性状的影响  

Effects of Different Film Mulching Treatments on Soil Moisture,Temperature and Growth of Flue-cured Tobacco in Cold Mountainous Area

作　　者：黄云志 宋鹏飞 季泽顺 申忠 马翔 黄河 余凤塘 杨拥 付斌[3,4] 王炽 石剑[1] HUANG Yunzhi;SONG Pengfei;JI Zeshun;SHEN Zhong;MA Xiang;HUANG He;YU Fengtang;YANG Yong;FU Bin;WANG Chi;SHI Jian(Hongta Tobacco(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Yuxi,Yunnan 653100;Technical Research Center,China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650231;Agricultural Resources&Environment Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205;Yunnan Provincial Observation and Research Station for Malong Red Soil Conservation and Soil Erosion of Sloping Farmland,Kunming 650205)

机构地区：[1]红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司,云南玉溪653100 [2]云南中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心,昆明650231 [3]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205 [4]马龙红壤坡耕地保育与水土流失云南省野外科学观测研究站,昆明650205

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第33期92-98,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司科技项目“基于品牌需求的昭通K326生产定向调控技术研究及应用”(2023YL02);云南省野外科学研究站建设专项资助项目“马龙红壤坡耕地保育与水土流失云南省野外科学观测研究站”(202205AM070002);云南中烟工业有限责任公司科技计划项目“基于品牌适配性的云南植烟生态区域定位研究与应用”(2022YL01)。

摘　　要：用田间试验方法研究不同覆膜方式对高原冷凉山区植烟土壤的水热效应、烤烟农艺性状及产质量的影响。在昭通市高原冷凉山区设置常规黑膜(RC)、反光膜(RF)、双层膜(BF)和全膜覆盖(FF) 4种方式。结果表明:烤烟大田生育前期,全膜和双层膜较常规黑膜覆盖土壤温度增幅分别为0.47~0.80℃和0.23~0.34℃,反光膜较常规黑膜覆盖土壤温度降幅为0.49~0.73℃。全膜和双层膜较常规黑膜覆盖土壤湿度增幅分别为2.46%~4.76%和0.63%~2.45%,反光膜较常规黑膜覆盖土壤湿度降幅为0.01%~0.19%。还苗期土壤湿度与时间的动态模拟关系呈幂函数递减,全膜和双层膜覆盖的土壤湿度递减率小于常规黑膜覆盖。打顶期烤烟农艺性状调查结果显示,双层膜覆盖烟株的根、茎、叶生物量,株高、茎围、叶片数和叶面积系数均高于常规黑膜覆盖。双层膜较常规黑膜覆盖的产量和产值增幅分别为1.14%和17.77%。地膜覆盖显著提高土壤温度和湿度,双层膜覆盖具有较好的烤烟产质提升效果,适宜在高寒冷凉山区烤烟种植中推广应用。Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different mulching methods on the hydrothermal effects,agronomic traits and yield quality of flue-cured tobacco soils in cold and cool mountainous areas of the plateau of Zhaotong City.The following 4 treatments were conducted:black plastic film mulching on ridges(RC),reflective plastic film mulching on ridges(RF),black-white bilayer films mulching on ridges(BF)and black plastic film mulching on ridges and white plastic film mulching on furrows(FF).The results showed that during the early growth period of flue-cured tobacco field,soil temperature in the treatments of FF and BF increased by 0.47-0.80 and 0.23-0.34℃respectively compared with RC.Soil temperature in the treatments of RF decreased by 0.49-0.73℃compared with RC.Soil moisture in the treatments of FF and BF increased by 2.46%-4.76%and 0.63%-2.45%respectively compared with RC,soil moisture in the treatments of RF decreased by 0.01%-0.19%compared with RC.During the seedling stage,the soil moisture decrease rate could be expressed as power function of time,which of FF and BF was less than RC.In topping period,the agronomic characters of biomass,plant height,stem diameter,leaf number and leaf area coefficient in the treatments of BF were higher than those of RC,and yield and output value increased by 1.14%and17.77%specifically.In summary,mulch film covering significantly improves soil temperature and humidity,and double-layer film covering has a good effect on flue-cured tobacco yield improvement,which was suitable for promotion and application in flue-cured tobacco planting in cold and cool mountainous areas.

关 键 词：地膜覆盖 冷凉山区 水热效应 烤烟 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]