黔西南州不同烤烟种植区气候特征研究  

Study on Climatic Characteristics of Different Tobacco Planting Areas in Qianxinan Prefecture

作　　者：张辉红 张亚恒 沈勰 王唯 刘胜传 吴方莲 张仕祥[4] 陈发元 ZHANG Huihong;ZHANG Yaheng;SHEN Xie;WANG Wei;LIU Shengchuan;WU Fanglian;ZHANG Shixiang;CHEN Fayuan(College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002;China Tobacco Guizhou Co.Ltd.,Guiyang 550000;Qianxinan Prefecture Company,Tobacco Companies of Guizhou Province,Xingyi,Guizhou 562400;Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC,Zhengzhou 450002)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州450002 [2]贵州中烟工业有限责任公司,贵阳550000 [3]贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司,贵州兴义562400 [4]中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第33期99-106,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司科技项目“‘贵烟’黔西南基地烟叶高端原料保障技术开发”(2021-07)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在为优化贵州中烟黔西南基地种植布局提供参考,通过统计黔西南州6个植烟县/市(兴义市、兴仁县、普安县、贞丰县、安龙县、晴隆县)2010—2021这12 a间烤烟大田期间气象数据,包括降雨量、日照时数、平均气温、有效积温4项气象指标,对不同产地的气候特征及相关性进行分析。结果表明:(1)6个植烟县/市烟草大田生育期降雨量较符合烟株对于水分的需求,兴义市降雨量相对较高。(2)不同植烟县/市大田生育期平均气温和有效积温变化趋势为:贞丰县>兴义市>兴仁县>安龙县>晴隆县>普安县,大部分地区平均气温变化趋势符合优质植烟区的需求。(3)黔西南基地大田生育期日照时数表现为:旺长期和成熟期贞丰县日照时数较高,普安县日照时数整体较低。综合来看,黔西南6个植烟县/市主要气候特征符合烤烟生产需求,兴义市和贞丰县烤烟大田生育期光热条件较好,兴仁县和安龙县雨、光热条件适中,普安县降雨量适中,气温较低,晴隆县降雨量丰富,光热条件适中。不同县/市表现出的气候特征差异也是其烤烟品质差异的生态因子之一,能够为优化烤烟种植区的分布提供理论依据。This study aimed at providing reference for optimizing Guizhou Zhongyan Qianxinan base planting layout.Through statistics of Qianxinan six tobacco-planting counties/cities(Xingyi,Xingren,Pu'an,Zhenfeng,Anlong and Qinglong)flue-cured tobacco field meteorological data during 2010 to 2021,including four meteorological indexes of rainfall,sunshine time,average temperature and effective accumulated temperature,the climate characteristics and correlation of different producing areas were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)the rainfall of tobacco fields during the growth period in six tobacco-planting counties/cities was more in line with the water demand of tobacco plants,and the rainfall of Xingyi City was relatively higher.(2)The variation trend of average temperature and effective accumulated temperature during the growing period of the field in different tobacco-planting counties/cities was as followed:Zhenfeng County>Xingyi City>Xingren County>Anlong County>Qinglong County>Pu’an County.The variation trend of average temperature in most areas was in line with the demand for high-quality tobacco-planting areas.(3)The sunshine duration in Zhenfeng County was higher in the vigorous growing stage and maturing stage,while the sunshine duration in Pu’an County was lower overall.In conclusion,the main climatic characteristics of the six tobacco-planting counties/cities in Qianxinan Prefecture met the demand for flue-cured tobacco production.Xingyi City and Zhenfeng County had better light and heat conditions during the field period of flue-cured tobacco;Xingren County and Anlong County had moderate rain and light and heat conditions;Pu’an County had moderate rainfall and lower temperature;Qinglong County had abundant rainfall and moderate light and heat conditions.The differences of climate characteristics in different counties/cities are also one of the ecological factors for the differences of flue-cured tobacco quality,which can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the distribution of flue-cured tobacco-pl

关 键 词：黔西南州 烤烟 种植分布 优质栽培 气候特征 

分 类 号：P464[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]