播期和播量对冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响  

Effects of Different Sowing Dates and Seeding Rates on the Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat

作　　者：赵凯[1] 黄玲[1] 冯维营 邵敏敏[1] 王福玉[1] 陈贵菊[1] 张玉丹 杨本洲 孙雷明[1] 闫璐[1] 王霖[1] ZHAO Kai;HUANG Ling;FENG Weiying;SHAO Minmin;WANG Fuyu;CHEN Guiju;ZHANG Yudan;YANG Benzhou;SUN Leiming;YAN Lu;WANG Lin(Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jining,Shandong 272031)

机构地区：[1]济宁市农业科学研究院,山东济宁272031

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第32期1-7,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“小麦-玉米周年光温资源优化配置与群体调控技术研究”(2017YFD0301001);山东省现代农业产业技术体系小麦创新团队项目(SDAIT-01-17);山东省良种工程项目“优质专用新品种培育”(2019LZGC001-3)。

摘　　要：为解决鲁西南地区因播期推迟影响小麦产量的实际问题。采用双因素裂区试验设计,以播期为主区,播量为副区,2018—2019年播期设10月18日(S_(1))、10月23日(S_(2))、10月28日(S_(3))3个水平;播量设2.70×10^(6)株/hm^(2)(D1)、3.75×10^(6)株/hm^(2)(D_(2))2个水平;2019—2020播期设10月22日(S_(4))、10月27(S_(5))、11月1日(S_(6))、11月6日(S_(7))、11月11日(S_(8))5个水平;播量设2.25×10^(6)株/hm^(2)(D_(3))、3.375×10^(6)株/hm^(2)(D_(4))、4.50×10^(6)株/hm^(2)(D_(5))3个水平,研究播期、播量对小麦冬前分蘖、叶龄、春季分蘖、叶龄、株高、穗长及产量三因素的影响。结果表明,同一播量,随播期推迟,小麦的冬前叶龄、冬前分蘖,春季叶龄及次生根条数逐渐减少,春季分蘖逐渐增加;同一播期,随播量的增加,冬前叶龄、冬前分蘖,春季叶龄及次生根条数、春季分蘖均在减少。播期、播量显著影响了小麦株高、穗长、有效穗数、穗粒数、产量。播期对基部第二节间影响显著,播量对千粒重影响极显著。两者互作对有效穗数和产量影响显著。本试验条件下,鲁西南地区‘山农28’适期晚播时间为10月18日—22日,播量为3.75×10^(6)株/hm^(2)为宜,播期在11月左右,播量在4.50×10^(6)株/hm^(2)以上,可以获得较高的产量。In order to solve the actual problem of wheat yield due to the delayed sowing date in the southwest region of Shandong province,a two-factor fracture zone-test design was adopted from 2018 to 2020.Three sowing dates were set as October 18(S_(1)),23(S_(2))and 28(S_(3));seeding rates were set as 2.70×10^(6)plants/hm^(2)(D_(1))and 3.75×10^(6)plants/hm^(2)(D_(2))in 2018.And in 2019,five sowing dates were set as October 22(S_(4)),27(S_(5)),November 1(S_(6)),6(S_(7))and 11(S_(8));seeding rates were set as 2.25×10^(6)plants/hm^(2)(D_(3)),3.375×10^(6)plants/hm^(2)(D_(4))and 4.50×10^(6)plants/hm^(2)(D_(5)).The effects of different sowing dates,seeding rates on tiller number and leaf ages before winter,tiller number and leaf ages in spring,plant height,spike length,yield and its components were studied.The results showed that under the same seeding rate with delayed sowing date,tiller number and leaf ages before winter,leaf ages in spring and nodal roots were decreased,but tiller number in spring was increased.Under the same sowing date with increased seeding rates,tiller number and leaf ages before winter,tiller number and leaf ages in spring and nodal roots were decreased.Sowing date and seeding rate had significant effect on plant height,spike length,spike number,grain number and yield.Sowing date significantly affected the length of two internodes at the stem base,seeding rate extremely significantly affected 1000-grain weight.The interaction of sowing date and seeding rate had significant effect on spike number and yield.Under the conditions of this experiment,the best sowing date was from October 18 to 23 with sowing amount of 3.75×10^(6)plants/hm^(2)in the southwest region of Shandong.When sowing date was after November 1st,the corresponding suitable sowing amount was 4.50×10^(6)plants/hm^(2)to achieve high yield.

关 键 词：冬小麦 ‘山农28’ 播期 播量 株高 产量 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]