极小种群闽桦生殖物候及种子萌发影响因素研究  

Reproductive Phenology and Influencing Factors of Seed Germination of Extremely Small Populations of Betula fujianensis

作　　者：陈爱平 CHEN Aiping(Guanzhuang State-owned Forest Farm,Shaxian,Sanming,Fujian 365050)

机构地区：[1]福建省沙县官庄国有林场,福建三明365050

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第32期47-55,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：福建省省属公益类科研专项“武夷桦种群特征与育苗技术研究”(2018R1011-7);“外源硅对福建特色树种生理生态特征的影响及机制”(2022R1010009)。

摘　　要：为了解极小种群闽桦生物学特性及实生苗繁育条件,以福建省三明罗卜岩自然保护区闽桦天然林为研究对象,对其生殖物候进行为期3年定位观测,同时开展不同采收时间种子在不同环境条件下萌发率影响研究,探讨影响闽桦种子萌发的主要影响因子,为其种群扩繁和迁地保护提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)闽桦为雌雄同株异熟落叶植物,其叶年生长周期240 d左右;其雄花序跨年生长,持续时间长达310 d;雌花序生长持续时间较短,从萌动到脱落,在60 d内完成,果穗成熟期一周左右,果实成熟后易脱落。(2)种子采收时间对闽桦种子质量和发芽率有显著影响,在成熟期中期(4月30日)采收的闽桦种子萌发率最高,在常温条件下浸泡5 h显著提高萌发率。(3)冷藏2个月种子萌发率显著高于常温和冷冻储藏种子,闽桦种子不适宜常温下保存,宜随采随播或在冷藏或冷冻条件下短期储藏。(4)闽桦大田播种苗床最适宜基质条件为砂土与红心土3:1混合。采收时间影响了闽桦种子的质量及发芽率,浸种和基质条件对育苗成效有较大的影响。In order to understand the biological characteristics and seedling breeding condition of extremely small populations of Betula fujianensis,natural forests of Betula fujianensis in Luobuyan Natural Reserve of Sanming in Fujian Province were taken as the study area,and the reproductive phenology of Betula fujianensis were observed for 3 years.Meanwhile,the germination rate of Betula fujianensis seeds at different harvest time under different environmental conditions were studied to obtain the best harvest time of Betula fujianensis,and to provide a theoretical basis for population expanding propagation and immigration protection.The results are as follows.(1)Betula fujianensis is monoecious and heterogamy deciduous species with an annual leaf growth cycle about 240 days.Its male inflorescence growth cycle is as long as 310 days,while the female inflorescence grows more shortly,within 60 days from germination to abscission,and the fruit cluster maturity stage is about 7 days.(2)The seeds harvesting time has significantly effects on seed quality and germination rate of Betula fujianensis.Being soaked for 5 hours at room temperature is beneficial to improve the germination rate of seeds harvested at mid-maturity stage(April 30).(3)The germination rate of seeds under cold storage for 2 months is significantly higher than that under room temperature storage and frozen storage.The seeds of Betula fujianensis are unsuitable to be preserved at room temperature,and should be sowed with mining or stored in cold or frozen conditions for a short time.(4)The mixture of sand and red soil by 3:1 is the most suitable substrate for Betula fujianensis seeding bed.The quality and germination rate of Betula fujianensis seeds are affected by harvest time,and the survival rate of seedlings is greatly affected by soaking treatment and substrate condition.

关 键 词：闽桦 植物物候 种子 萌发率 环境因子 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学]