蚯蚓处理牛粪效果研究  

Study on the Effect of Earthworm Treatment on Cattle Manure

作　　者：万海霞[1] 许浩[1] 郭永忠[1] 韩新生[1] 咸海龙 WAN Haixia;XU Hao;GUO Yongzhong;HAN Xinsheng;XIAN Hailong(Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002;Guyuan Fumin Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co.LTD,Guyuan 756000,Ningxia)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院林业与草地生态研究所,银川750002 [2]固原市富民农业科技发展有限公司,宁夏固原756000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第32期158-164,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目“宁夏黄土丘陵区小流域生态综合治理与高质量发展技术集成与示范”(2020BCF01001);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目“宁夏黄土丘陵区困难立地植被恢复技术研究与示范”(2021BEG03017);宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金项目“宁夏南部黄土丘陵区三种草本根土复合体微观结构及抗侵蚀性影响因素研究”(2022AAC03425);宁夏回族自治区农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目“黄土丘陵区主要人工林稳定性及低效林改造研究”(NGSB-2021-14-01);“黄土丘陵区水土保持关键技术集成研究与示范”(NGSB-2021-14-02)。

摘　　要：为解决宁南山区农村畜禽粪便造成的环境卫生和土壤污染问题,本研究利用“大平二号”蚯蚓处理牛粪,采用室内分析方法了解蚯蚓摄食牛粪秸秆混合物的效果。结果表明,牛粪经蚯蚓处理后蚓粪质地疏松、颗粒明显、无臭味。蚓粪容重平均为0.39 g/cm^(3),总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度平均为85.85%、62.86%、22.99%,透气性和通水性明显改善。pH、水溶性盐总量降低,性质趋于中性。相比鲜牛粪,有机质、全氮、全钾含量及碳氮比分别减少了62.6%~69.8%、41.1%~49.0%、20.7%~33.2%和34.3%~47.8%,全磷含量增加了1.3~2.0倍,添加适量玉米秸秆有助于蚓粪有机肥品质提升。蚯蚓处理加速了牛粪中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的分解,分别较鲜牛粪减少了74.0%~77.5%,65.6%~83.1%,5.2%~16.3%。蚯蚓处理对Cu、Zn去除效果好,对Pb、Cr的去除效果不佳。蚯蚓对牛粪物料转化效率为43.42%~65.15%,添加玉米秸秆可以提升转化效率。当地养殖户可利用蚯蚓对牛粪等畜禽粪便进行转化,提升粪污综合利用率,减少环境污染。In order to solve the environmental sanitation and soil pollution caused by livestock manure in southern Ningxia,this study used“Daping 2”earthworm to treat cattle manure,and then explored the effect of earthworms feeding on mixture of cattle manure and corn stalk in different proportions by laboratory measurements.The results showed that vermicompost was loose,had distinct granular structure and no bad smell.The average bulk density of vermicompost was 0.39 g/cm^(3).The average total porosity,capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity were 85.85%,62.86%and 22.99%,respectively.The air permeability and water permeability of vermicompost were obviously improved.Total water soluble salt and pH decreased,and their properties tended to be neutral.Compared with fresh cattle manure,contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,total potassium and C/N decreased by 62.6%-69.8%,41.1%-49.0%,20.7%-33.2%,34.3%-47.8%respectively,while content of total phosphorus increased by 1.3-2.0 times.Adding appropriate amount of corn stalk helped to improve the quality of vermicompost organic fertilizer.Earthworm treatment accelerated the decomposition of cellulose,hemicellulose and acid detergent ligninin of cattle manure,their contents decreased by 74.0%-77.5%,65.6%-83.1%and 5.2%-16.3%respectively.The removal efficiency of Cu,Zn by the treatment was better than that of Pb and Cr.The conversion efficiency of cattle manure by earthworms was 43.42%-65.15%,and the conversion efficiency could be improved by adding corn stalk.Local farmers can use earthworms to transform livestock and poultry manure such as cattle dung,improve the comprehensive utilization rate of manure and reduce environmental pollution.

关 键 词：蚯蚓 牛粪 畜禽粪便 玉米秸秆 蚓粪 

分 类 号：S141.2[农业科学—肥料学]