解除婚约之损害赔偿  

Compensation for Damages caused by the Break of Engagement

作　　者：李鑫 Li Xin

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学法学院

出　　处：《荆楚法学》2023年第5期48-61,共14页Jingchu Law Review

摘　　要：近年来,审判实务中婚约纠纷相关判决增多,但我国《民法典》未对婚约做任何规定。尤其是解除婚约时,造成的财产损害、人格权损害和精神损害等问题,实践中争议较大,法官往往陷入无法可依的窘境。婚约当事人利益应属于《民法典》保护范畴,虽然我国现行法没有直接对婚约的立法规定,但婚姻实然上属于预约,是一种独立的契约。因此,可参照《民法典》第495条第2款预约合同对无正当理由解除婚约的行为进行规制,由违约方承担违约责任。对于解除婚约造成的非财产损失,主要包括侵害人格权(如因解除婚约不得已引产)造成的损害及其导致的精神损害。因可能存在违约责任与侵权责任竞合的情形,对于侵害人格权造成身体损害的情形,可适用《民法典》第186条,由守约方选择承担违约责任或者侵权责任;对于侵害人格权导致的精神损害,可适用《民法典》第996条,守约方可主张违约精神损害赔偿。In recent years,there have been more and more judgments about engagement disputes in judicial practice,but the Civil Code has not made any provisions on engagement.In particular,the problems such as property damage,personality right damage and spiritual damage caused by the dissolution of the engagement are controversial in practice,and judges often fall into the predicament of being unable to rely on.The interests of the parties involved in engagement should belong to the protection of the civil code.Although there is no direct legislation on engagement in current law,marriage actually belongs to the appointment,which is a kind of independent contract.Therefore,we can refer to Article 495(2)to regulate the dissolution of the engagement without a valid reason,and the breaching party shall bear the liability for the breach of contract.The non-property loss caused by the dissolution of the engagement mainly includes the damage caused by the infringement of the right of personality(such as forced abortion due to the dissolution of the engagement)and the mental damage caused by it.As there may be concurrence of liability for the breach of contract and liability for tort,Article 186 of the Civil Code may be applied to the former,and the non-breaching party shall choose to bear the liability for the breach of contract or liability for tort.For the latter,Article 996 of the Civil Code can be applied.

关 键 词：解除婚约 损害赔偿 预约合同 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]