连云港市EV 71疫苗接种前后手足口病流行特征分析  

Epidemiologic features analysis of hand-foot-mouth disease before and after EV 71 vaccination in Lianyungang

作　　者：谢冰艳 陈玉格 谷利妞[1] 赵兴[1] 许雷[1] XIE Bingyan;CHEN Yuge;GU Liniu;ZHAO Xing;XU Lei(Lianyungang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lianyungang 222003,Jiangsu Province,China.)

机构地区：[1]连云港市疾病预防控制中心,江苏连云港222003

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2023年第11期1312-1317,共6页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

基　　金：江苏省预防医学科研课题(项目编号:Y2018046)。

摘　　要：目的了解连云港市EV 71型灭活疫苗接种前后手足口病的流行特征,为手足口病的科学防控提供依据。方法对2010—2021年连云港市报告的手足口病病例、病原学监测结果及2017—2021年EV 71疫苗接种情况进行统计,利用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学差异检验和趋势分析,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,检验水准为α=0.05。结果2010—2021年连云港累计报告手足口病60042例,年发病率在43.59/10万~206.65/10万之间;2017—2021年连云港市目标人群EV 71疫苗估算接种率和全程接种率逐年提升;疫苗接种前手足口病发病呈现隔年高发的趋势,接种后发病率持续下降;发病季节呈现双峰模式;病例集中在0~5岁(95.31%)的散居儿童和幼托儿童,报告发病率男性高于女性,市区高于市县;疫苗接种前病原以EV 71型肠道病毒为主,疫苗接种后,手足口病发病率、重症率、病死率、EV 71型肠道病毒构成比均显著下降。结论EV 71疫苗接种前后,连云港市手足口病的流行特征发生了明显的改变。在今后的防控工作中,建议进一步提高EV 71疫苗接种率,尤其是0岁组儿童和农村地区儿童的接种率,同时加强病原监测并开展有针对性的防控措施。Objective To investigate the prevalence of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)before and after EV 71 inactivated vaccine vaccination in Lianyungang,and to provide a basis for the scientific prevention and control of HFMD.Methods The data of HFMD cases and pathogen surveillance during 2010 to 2021 and EV 71 vaccination from 2017 to 2021 in Lianyungang City were analyzed.The statistical differences and trends were analyzed by using SPSS 25.0,the test level wasα=0.05.Results A total of 60042 HFMD cases were reported in Lianyungang City from 2010 to 2021,with the annual incidence ranged from 43.59/105 to 206.65/105.From 2017 to 2021,the estimated coverage rate for EV 71 vaccine and the full coverage rate of target population increased year by year.Before vaccination,the incidence of HFMD showed a wavy trend of breaking out every other year,but after vaccination,the incidence showed a significant downward trend.The onset season showed a bimodal pattern.The cases were concentrated in scattered children and nursery child aged 0-5 years old(95.31%).The reported incidence was higher in males than in females,and higher in urban areas than that in rural areas.Before vaccination,EV 71 enterovirus was the main pathogen.After vaccination,the incidence rate,severe disease rate,mortality rate and composition ratio of EV 71 enterovirus decreased significantly.Conclusions Before and after EV 71 vaccination,the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Lianyungang City have changed significantly.In the future,it is necessary to further improve the rate of EV 71 vaccination,especially in the group of children aged 0 years and children in rural areas,pathogen monitoring and targeted prevention and control measures should be strengthen and be carried out.

关 键 词：手足口病 EV 71疫苗 病原学 发病率 估算接种率 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]