开窗对设施大棚葡萄植株光合特性和果实品质的影响  

Effects of Windows Opening on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality of Grape Plants in Greenhouses

作　　者：江莉 牛先前[1] 王鹏博 陈婷[3] 刘鑫铭[3] 谢倩[2] 陈清西[2] 雷龑[3] JIANG Li;NIU Xianqian;WANG Pengbo;CHEN Ting;LIU Xinming;XIE Qian;CHEN Qingxi;LEI Yan(Fujian Institute of Tropical Crops,Zhangzhou Fujian 363001,China;College of Horticulture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Fruit Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省热带作物科学研究所,福建漳州363001 [2]福建农林大学园艺学院,福州350002 [3]福建省农业科学院果树研究所,福州350013

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第12期1933-1942,共10页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-29);福建省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项[闽财教指(2020)74号];省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2020R10280013);福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设(CXTD2021009-2)。

摘　　要：以设施栽培条件下的‘巨峰’葡萄为试材,研究设施大棚开窗对葡萄植株光合特性、果实品质的影响,以期为葡萄设施栽培模式改进提供理论依据。结果表明:通过自制拉杆在温度高于35℃的天气开窗,9:00-15:00开窗效果最佳,显著降低棚内温度6.1℃;同时设施大棚通风情况改善明显,棚内风速显著提高。开窗处理的植株叶片叶绿素总含量与CK无显著影响(P>0.05),但开窗处理的PSⅡ实际光合效率Y(Ⅱ)在9:00和13:00均显著高于CK;13:00与CK相比提高12.4%,可能是开窗后棚内温度降低,减轻了PSⅡ系统胁迫。CK的叶片光化学淬灭系数qP持续增至13:00后下降,开窗处理在9:00显著高于CK,光合活性较好。在果实品质指标上,开窗处理的单粒质量比对照显著提高9.9%、可滴定酸含量显著降低、糖酸比显著提高,开窗后果实风味更佳。开窗处理病害等级为5级的最多,其次是4级,叶片受轻微日灼的数量较少,其中1级病害数量显著低于CK,开窗处理植株抗病性较强。开窗能有效改善设施环境小气候,对果实发育的关键时期具有积极意义,有利于植株叶片光合作用,进而改善果实品质,日灼病害减轻。在生产中可参照此方法开窗降温,可有效解决连栋设施大棚夏季热害问题,对简易连栋大棚栽培具有指导意义。Taking the‘Kyoho'grape grown under facility cultivation as the test material,the effect of opening windows in greenhouses on the photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of grape plants was investigated.This study provides a theoretical basis for improving facility grape practices.The results showed that the opening windows from 9:00 to 15:00,using a self-made pull rod,had the most significant effect when the temperature exceeded 35℃,resulting in a remarkable 6.1℃reduction in shed temperature.The ventilation of the greenhouse improved significantly,and the wind speed inside the shed noticeably.increased.The total chlorophyll content of the leaves of the fenestrated plants did not differ significantly from the control(CK)group(P>0.05).However,the actual photosynthetic efficiency Y(Ⅱ)of PSⅡin the fenestrated treatment was significantly higher than CK at 9:00 and 13:00,with a 12.4%increase at 13:00,attributed to the decreased shed temperature after window opening,relieving stress on the PSⅡsystem.The leaf photochemical quenching coefficient qP of CK continued to increase until 13:00 and then decreased,while the windowing treatment was significantly higher than that of CK at 9:00,and the photosynthetic activity was better.In terms of fruit quality indicators,the single-grain quality of the window treatment resulted in a significant 9.9%increase in single-grain quality compared to CK.The titratable acid content was significantly reduced,the sugar-acid ratio significantly increased,and the fruit flavor was better after the window opening.Window treatment demonstrated the highest disease grade 5,followed by grade 4.The number of leaves exposed to slight sunburn was lower,and the number of diseases at grade 1 was significantly lower than that of CK,indicating improved disease resistance in the window-treated plants.Opening windows effectively improve the microclimate in the facility environment and proved beneficial during the critical period of fruit development by promoting leaf photosynthesis,impro

关 键 词：‘巨峰’葡萄 开窗 光合特性 果实品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]