新时代土壤地理学的发展现状与趋势  

Development of Soil Geography in the New Era and Its Future

作　　者：张甘霖[1,2,3] 史舟 王秋兵[5] 赵永存[1] 刘峰[1] 杨琳[6] 宋效东[1] 杨飞[1] 蒋卓东[5] 曾荣 陈颂超 杨顺华 ZHANG Ganlin;SHI Zhou;WANG Qiubing;ZHAO Yongcun;LIU Feng;YANG Lin;SONG Xiaodong;YANG Fei;JIANG Zhuodong;ZENG Rong;CHEN Songchao;YANG Shunhua(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Key Laboratory of Watershed Geography,Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology Application,College of Environment and Resources,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China;School of Geography and Ocean Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210008,China;College of Geographical Sciences,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室(中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所),南京210008 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]浙江大学环境与资源学院农业遥感与信息技术应用研究所,杭州310058 [5]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110161 [6]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京210008 [7]南京信息工程大学地理科学学院,南京210008

出　　处：《土壤学报》2023年第5期1264-1276,共13页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42130715,U1901601,42322102);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察项目(2019QZKK0306-02)资助。

摘　　要：土壤地理学是研究土壤时空分布规律、形成过程及其资源环境效应的土壤学学科分支,其主要目标和任务是理解土壤形成演化的关键过程与影响因素并预测未来土壤-环境的共同演化特征,揭示土壤资源分布规律、利用前景和保护对策,为农业、生态环境保护等提供科学依据,支撑土壤普查、耕地保护等国家目标。21世纪特别是新时代10年以来土壤地理学取得了一些重要的进展,研究对象和内容也发生了很大的变化,逐渐向以土壤为核心的地球表层系统科学发展,高强度人为活动和全球气候变化背景下的土壤时空演变研究愈加活跃。土壤地理学主要发展趋势包括土壤信息获取方式正在发生变革,数字土壤制图向融合过程机理与数据驱动发展,土壤时空信息的应用范围更加广泛。未来土壤地理学优先发展领域包括:以关键带研究带动土壤发生和演变研究的革新,基于多传感器的土壤综合观测原理与技术,多尺度数字土壤制图与时空变化预测等。Soil geography is the soil science discipline that studies the spatio-temporal changes and formation of soil as well as its resource and environmental impacts.The basic objectives and tasks of soil geography are to understand the key processes and controlling factors,predict the future co-evolution of the soil environment,and illustrate soil resource distribution and their potential for multiple uses.Thus,this provides scientific support for agricultural development and eco-environmental protection.The long-term development and the most recent scientific achievement especially from the soil series study has provided substantial support to the ongoing national soil survey.The subdisciplines of soil geography,including soil morphology,soil genesis,and soil mapping have achieved substantial progress during the last 20 years especially the most recent 10 years,with a significant shift of research subjects and contents.With the ever-deepening understanding of the pedosphere,the study object of soil geography has shifted from traditional surface soil to the earth’s surface system,meanwhile,human activities and their impacts on soil system have gotten more attention and related studies have appeared.Along with the rapid development of remote and proximal sensing and GIS technology,modern soil survey has seen a regime shift thanks to the emergence and evolution of digital soil mapping,large-scale soil map products have been generated and become available,thus,providing strong support to other sectors.In the future,soil geography should focus on the coupling of multiple processes in the atmosphere,hydrosphere,biosphere,pedosphere,and lithosphere in the context of the earth's surface system,rapid and efficient acquisition of soil information,multiple-scale soil-environment modeling,to realize accurate prediction of soil spatio-temporal changes.

关 键 词：土壤地理学 土壤时空变化 地球关键带 土壤信息 数字土壤制图 数字土壤形态学 

分 类 号：S159[农业科学—土壤学]