苏南丘陵区坡面经济林土壤侵蚀特征  

Study on soil erosion characteristics of economic forest slope field in southern Jiangsu hilly area

作　　者：杨瑞 吴朝明[2] 朱骊[2] 胡海波[1] YANG Rui;WU Chaoming;ZHU Li;HU Haibo(College of Forestry and Grassland,College of Soil and Water Conservation,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Wuxi Branch Bureau of Investigation on Hydrologic Water Resources,Jiangsu Province,Wuxi 214100,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学林草学院、水土保持学院,江苏南京210037 [2]江苏省水文水资源勘测局无锡分局,江苏无锡214100

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期70-76,共7页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：无锡市水利局技术支撑与协作项目(2107116);国家林业和草原局长江三角洲森林生态系统定位研究项目(2019132158);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索苏南丘陵区不同种植管理措施下经济林地土壤产沙产流特征。【方法】基于2021年无锡宜兴市标准径流小区观测资料,对其坡面产流产沙过程进行分析。【结果】(1)苏南丘陵经济林坡地产流产沙主要发生在5—8月,不同类型径流小区径流量占比大于72.5%、土壤侵蚀量占比大于68.7%。(2)不同径流小区径流量与土壤侵蚀量的对比均表现为:Ⅰ-桃林(有草)<Ⅱ-桃林(无草),径流小区Ⅰ较Ⅱ年减流156.3%、减沙122.9%;Ⅴ-茶园(横坡)<Ⅳ-茶园(顺坡),Ⅴ较Ⅳ径流小区年减流57.0%、年减沙41.5%;不同类型经济林年径流较Ⅲ-裸坡减少50.6%~380.4%、年侵蚀减少155.3%~513.1%。(3)次降雨下,Ⅰ—Ⅴ径流小区最大径流量、最大侵蚀量分别占全年的15.3%、14.5%、10.8%、12.5%、14.4%和7.9%、6.3%、4.5%、7.1%、8.0%,高强度降雨对坡面土壤侵蚀有重要影响。【结论】不同类型经济林径流小区土壤侵蚀量与降雨量、平均雨强、最大30 min降雨强度(I_(30))以及径流深均呈显著正相关,与雨前土壤含水量等因素相关性较为复杂,其中坡面土壤侵蚀量与径流深关系最为密切(R^(2)=0.553)。【Objective】This study aims to explore the characteristics of surface runoff and sediment yield of economic forest land with different planting and management measures in the hilly region of Southern Jiangsu.【Method】Analyzing the process of runoff and sediment yield on the slope based on the observation data of runoff plots in Wuxi Yixing City in 2021.【Result】①In the hilly region of Southern Jiangsu,the runoff and sediment yield of economic forest mainly occurred from May to August,in which the runoff and soil erosion yield of different runoff plots accounted for more than 72.5%and 68.7%,respectively.②The comparison of slope runoff and erosion in different runoff plots is as follows:Ⅰ-peach forest(with grass)<Ⅱ-peach forest(weeding),and compared withⅡ,the annual runoff reduction ofⅠwas 156.3%and the annual soil erosion reduction was 122.9%;Ⅴ-tea garden(cross slope)<Ⅳ-tea garden(along slope),and compared withⅣ,Ⅴhad an annual runoff reduction of 57.0%and erosion reduction of 41.5%.In addition to it,the annual runoff of different economic forest slopes was reduced by 50.6%-380.4%,and the annual soil erosion was reduced by 155.3%-513.1%compared withⅢ-bare slope(blank).③The maximum runoff and erosion of theⅠ-Ⅴplots accounted for 15.3%,14.5%,10.8%,12.5%,14.4%and 7.9%,6.3%,4.5%,7.1%,8.0%of the total,respectively.It can be seen that high-intensity rainfall has an important impact on slope soil erosion.【Conclusion】Soil erosion in runoff plots of different economic forests was significantly positively correlated with rainfall,average rainfall intensity,I_(30)and runoff depth,and the correlation with soil water content before rainfall was complex,in which soil erosion had the closest relationship with runoff depth(R^(2)=0.553).

关 键 词：经济林 种植方式 土壤侵蚀 产流产沙 苏南丘陵区 

分 类 号：S714.7[农业科学—林学]