不同种植方式下黄土塬区土壤水分变化特征  

Variation characteristics of soil moisture under different planting patterns in Loess Plateau

作　　者：袁日萍 甘永德 王尚涛 郑丽萍 YUAN Riping;GAN Yongde;WANG Shangtao;ZHENG Liping(School of Water Resources and Electric Power,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学水利电力学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2023年第10期59-70,共12页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51909129);青海省重大科技专项(2021-SF-134);清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室开放基金资助课题(sklhse-2022-A-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】从土壤水分变化的角度探究不同种植方式对黄土塬区水资源的影响,以期为雨养旱作农业的可持续发展、水资源的高效利用以及水分管理措施的改进提供理论依据。【方法】选取长武塬区三种不同种植方式下的土壤水分为研究对象,通过对2014—2017年对0~300 cm土层土壤含水量进行监测,分析单作小麦、单作玉米和小麦-玉米轮作三种种植方式下0~300 cm土壤剖面水分垂直分布特征、土壤水分季节变化特征和土壤干燥化指数。【结果】结果表明:(1)不同种植方式下,剖面上的土壤水分垂直分布动态表现出一定的层次性,活跃层分别为单作玉米0~60 cm,单作小麦0~30 cm,麦玉轮作0~10 cm,最大耗水深度从大到小依次为麦玉轮作,单作小麦和单作玉米。(2)三种种植方式都将在大量消耗期内引发土壤含水量下降,生育期内平均月储水量从大到小依次为单作玉米(607.7 mm),单作小麦(554.5 mm)和麦玉轮作(474.6 mm)。(3)三种种植方式都将造成短期土壤干燥化,其中麦玉轮作干燥化指数最高,为187.5,其次是单作小麦186.5,最低是单作玉米162.3。【结论】研究认为,不同种植方式下土壤水分的垂直分布动态表现出一定的层次性,且土壤水分具有明显的季节性波动变化特征,相比降雨和含水量变化,储水量变化更为滞后;土壤干燥化指数能够反映不同种植方式的水分利用状况,且受降雨量的影响较大,麦玉轮作方式将最不利于土壤水分的恢复。因此,在黄土塬区开展农业生产时,应合理选择种植方式,减少对土壤水分的消耗和破坏,以达到高效利用水资源的目的。[Objective]Investigating the impact of different planting method on soil moisture changes in the loess hilly-gully region can provide a theoretical basis for the further development of rainfed agriculture,efficient water resource utilization,and improvement of water management measures.[Methods]Three different planting method in Changwu hillygully region were selected as the research objects,and the soil water content in the soil layer of 0~300 cm was monitored from 2014 to 2017.The vertical distribution characteristics of soil moisture,seasonal variation of soil moisture,and soil drying index were analyzed under three planting method of monoculture wheat,monoculture maize,and wheat-maize rotation.[Results]The result showed that:(1) The vertical distribution of soil moisture under different planting method showed a certain hierarchy,and the active layers were 0~60 cm under monoculture maize,0~30 cm under monoculture wheat,and 0~10 cm under wheat-maize rotation.The maximum water consumption depth from high to low was wheat-maize rotation,monoculture wheat,and monoculture maize.(2) All three planting method caused a decrease in soil water content during the period of high water consumption,and monoculture-maize(607.7 mm) had the highest average monthly water storage during the growth period,followed by monoculture-wheat(554.5 mm),then wheat-maize rotation(474.6 mm).(3) All three planting method caused short-term soil drying,with the highest soil drying index for wheat-maize rotation(187.5),followed by monoculture wheat(186.5),and the lowest for monoculture maize(162.3).[Conclusion]The vertical distribution of soil moisture under different planting method shows a certain hierarchy,and soil moisture under different planting method exhibits significant seasonal fluctuation characteristics,with water storage capacity lagging behind rainfall and soil moisture changes.The soil drying index can reflect the water utilization situation under different planting method,it is greatly affected by rainfalland wheat-maize rotatio

关 键 词：种植模式 土壤水分特征 土壤干燥化 土壤有效储水量 黄土塬区 水资源 干旱 降水 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]