Winery by‑products as a feed source with functional properties:dose–response effect of grape pomace,grape seed meal,and grape seed extract on rumen microbial community and their fermentation activity in RUSITEC  

作　　者：Ratchaneewan Khiaosa‑ard Mubarik Mahmood Elsayed Mickdam Catia Pacifico Julia Meixner Laura‑Sophie Traintinger 

机构地区：[1]Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds,Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health,University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna,Veterinaerplatz 1,1210 Vienna,Austria. [2]Animal Nutrition Section,Department of Animal Sciences,Sub Campus Jhang,University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,12 Km Chiniot Road,Jhang 35200,Lahore,Pakistan. [3]Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,South Valley University,Qena 83523,Egypt. [4]Present address:Biome Diagnostics GmbH,Vienna,Austria.

出　　处：《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》2023年第6期2439-2453,共15页畜牧与生物技术杂志（英文版）

基　　金：provided by the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (Vetmeduni Vienna);funded by Hochschuljubilaumsstiftung der Stadt Wien (project H-288490/2019)

摘　　要：Background Grape and winery by-products have nutritional values for cattle and also contain functional compounds like phenols,which not only bind to protein but can also directly affect microbiota and their function in the rumen.We characterized the nutritional and functional effects of grape seed meal and grape pomace as well as an effective dosage of grape phenols on ruminal microbiota and fermentation characteristics using a rumen simulation technique.Results Six diets(each n=8)were compared including a control diet(CON,no by-product),a positive control diet(EXT,CON+3.7%grape seed extract on a dry matter(DM)basis),two diets with grape seed meal at 5%(GS-low)and 10%(GS-high),and two diets with grape pomace:at 10%(GP-low)and 20%(GP-high),on a DM basis.The inclusion of the by-product supplied total phenols at 3.4%,0.7%,1.4%,1.3%,and 2.7%of diet DM for EXT,GS-low,GS-high,GP-low,and GP-high,respectively.Diets were tested in four experimental runs.All treatments decreased ammonia concentrations and the disappearances of DM and OM(P<0.05)compared to CON.EXT and GP-high lowered butyrate and odd-and branch-chain short-chain fatty acids while increased acetate compared to CON(P<0.05).Treatments did not affect methane formation.EXT decreased the abundance of many bacterial genera including those belonging to the core microbiota.GP-high and EXT consistently decreased Olsenella and Anaerotipes while increased Ruminobacter abundances.Conclusion The data suggest that the inclusion of winery by-products or grape seed extract could be an option for reducing excessive ammonia production.Exposure to grape phenols at a high dosage in an extract form can alter the rumen microbial community.This,however,does not necessarily alter the effect of grape phenols on the microbial community function compared to feeding high levels of winery by-products.This suggests the dominant role of dosage over the form or source of the grape phenols in affecting ruminal microbial activity.In conclusion,supplementing grape phenols at about 3%of diet D

关 键 词：Functional feed Grape pomace Grape seed Protein degradation Rumen microbiota 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]