高原训练对高原和平原运动员低氧适应及运动心肺功能的影响研究  

A Study on the Effects of Altitude Training on Hypoxia Adaptation and Athletic Cardiopulmonary Function of Plateau Athletes and Plain Athletes

作　　者：祁继良 马福海 Qi Jiliang;Ma Fuhai(Qinghai Institute of Sports Science Co.Ltd,Xining 810000,China;Plateau Science and SustainableDevelopment Research Institute,Xining 810000,China;Key Laboratory of High Altitude Training,The GeneralAdministration of Sport of China,Duoba 811601,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau SportsResearch,Duoba 811601,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省体育科学研究所有限公司,西宁810000 [2]高原科学与可持续发展研究院,西宁810000 [3]国家体育总局高原训练重点实验室,多巴811601 [4]青海省高原体育研究重点实验室,多巴811601

出　　处：《青海科技》2023年第5期82-91,共10页Qinghai Science and Technology

基　　金：青海省中央引导地方科技发展资金计划项目“高原运动与健康技术分析创新基地建设”(项目编号:2023ZY008)。

摘　　要：通过高原运动员和平原运动员进行4周高原训练后,对其低氧适应和运动心肺功能指标进行研究分析,掌握其特征性差异、分析对其影响的可能原因,进而为全面提升高原训练科学化水平提供指导依据。结果表明:(1)4周高原训练后,高原组和平原组的SPO_(2)值在高原训练期间始终保持在94%以上,且高原组的SPO_(2)值好于平原组;(2)HR值均在高原第2周上升至最高值,较初期值显著增加(P<0.01)。随后高原组HR值出现下降并在训练末期与初期值基本保持一致,而平原组呈现先下降再增加的变化,总体各阶段HR值均高于初期值(P>0.05);(3)4周高原训练后,高原组的VO_(2)max和VE值出现下降,且VE值显著低于平原组(P<0.05),而平原组则与初期值水平保持一致。结论:(1)4周高原训练后,高原和平原运动员均表现出较好的低氧适应能力,且高原运动员的低氧适应能力好于平原运动员;(2)平原运动员在高原训练期间摄氧能力出现下降,肺通气值却与初期水平相一致,可能与平原运动员的训练负荷强度持续偏大、机体出现疲劳有关。高原训练对其呼吸肌功能产生了有效锻炼,呼吸肌力量得到增强,肺通气值未出现下降,表明平原运动员的肺通气功能得到有效提高。而高原运动员的训练强度在训练后期较低,未对心肺功能产生较明显的刺激,机体摄氧量值出现了下降;(3)高原运动员的HRmax、氧脉搏值均显著好于平原运动员,主要与本次高原训练负荷量与强度安排合理对心肺功能产生了较好的刺激且机体适应较好有关,高原运动员的有氧储备能力得到提高。After 4 weeks of altitude training,plateau athletes and plain athletes were studied and analyzed for their hypoxic adaptation and athletic cardiopulmonary function indicators,to grasp the characteristic differences and analyze the possible causes of the impact,thus providing guidance for comprehensively improving the scientific level of altitude training.Results:(1)After 4 weeks of altitude training,the SPO_(2) values of plateau athletes and plain athletes remained above 94%during the altitude training period,and the SPO_(2) values of plateau athletes were better than plain athletes;(2)The HR values of plateau athletes and plain athletes both increased to their highest values in the second week of training,significantly increasing compared to the initial values (P>0.05);(3)After 4 weeks of altitude training,the VO_(2max) and VE values of plateau athletes decreased,and the VE value was significantly lower than plain athletes (P<0.05),while plain athletes remained consistent with the initial value level.Conclusion:(1)After 4 weeks of altitude training,both of plateau athletes and plain athletes showed good hypoxic adaptation ability,and the hypoxic adaptation ability of plateau athletes was better than plain athletes;(2)Plain athletes experienced a decrease in oxygen uptake during altitude training,but their lung ventilation values remained consistent with their initial levels.It may be related to the sustained high training load intensity of plain athletes and the occurrence of fatigue in the body.However,altitude training has effectively exercised their respiratory muscle function,enhanced their respiratory muscle strength,and didn’t show a decrease in lung ventilation value,indicating that the lung ventilation function of plain athletes has been effectively improved.However,the training intensity of plateau athletes is relatively low in the later stages of training,but there is no significant stimulation on cardiovascular function,resulting in a decrease in the body’s oxygen uptake;(3)The HRmax and O_(2)/HR

关 键 词：高原训练 高原运动员 平原运动员 低氧适应 运动能力 

分 类 号：R87[医药卫生—运动医学]