膜下滴灌减量施肥对甘蔗农艺性状、产量和养分利用率的影响  

Effects of Reduced Fertilization on Main Agronomic Traits,Yield and Fertilizer Utilization Rate of Sugarcane under Mulched Drip Fertigation System

作　　者：彭李顺[1,2,3] 曹峥英 蔡文伟 甘仪梅[1,2,3] 杨本鹏 PENG Lishun;CAO Zhengying;CAI Wenwei;GAN Yimei;YANG Benpeng(Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Sanya Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Sanya,Hainan,572024,China.)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所,海南海口571101 [2]中国热带农业科学院海南热带农业资源研究院,海南海口571101 [3]中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚572024

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2023年第11期2322-2329,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2020YFD1000600);现代农业产业技术体系(糖料)建设专项资金项目(No.CARS-170716)。

摘　　要：探讨不同膜下滴灌减量施肥模式对甘蔗生长、产量和肥料利用率的影响,分析最佳减肥模式,为科学指导甘蔗膜下滴灌施肥技术应用提供理论依据。以空白对照(CK_(0))、常规施肥(CK_(1))和滴灌+常规施肥(CK_(2))为对照,设置1个膜下滴灌施肥处理T_(100)(施肥量同CK_(1))以及3个膜下滴灌减量施肥处理T_(80)、T_(70)和T_(60)(减量20%、30%和40%),对甘蔗主要农艺性状、产量、蔗糖分、产糖量、经济效益及养分利用率等生产指标进行比较分析。结果表明:相较于CK_(1),增加滴灌的CK_(2)有效茎数明显提高,而T_(100)在分蘖率、株高、有效茎数、成茎率方面均显著提升,T_(80)和T_(70)则主要对有效茎数和成茎率促进明显。在产量方面,相对CK_(1),CK_(2)及T_(100)、T_(80)、T_(70)均显著增加,2年平均产量分别提升了13.64%、32.20%、27.00%和20.18%。在各滴灌施肥处理间,相对于T_(100),T_(80)产量并无显著变化,而T_(70)和T_(60)产量显著减少。在蔗糖分和产糖量方面,各滴灌施肥处理间蔗糖分并无显著差异,而产糖量与产量变化趋势基本一致,T_(100)和T_(80)产糖量最高,且二者间无显著差异。在纯收益方面,仅有T_(100)和T_(80)较CK_(1)获得显著增加,2年平均收益分别增加4534.4元/hm~2和3953.8元/hm~2。T_(70)和T_(60)纯收益相较于T_(100)则呈现显著下降,其中T_(60)纯收益甚至比CK_(1)还低2350元/hm~2。在肥料利用率方面,所有滴灌施肥处理氮、磷、钾肥利用率均显著高于CK_(1),其中T_(80)肥料利用率最高,2年试验平均氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别达到48.36%、27.70%和68.95%,分别较CK_(1)提高了28.42、17.95和30.71个百分点。综合来看,在中等肥力砖红壤蔗区,采用T_(80)膜下滴灌减量施肥模式,可以同时获得较理想的甘蔗产量和收益。The present study revealed the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction patterns on growth,cane yield and fertilizer utilization rate of sugarcane,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of mulched drip fertigation and find out the best pattern to reduce fertilizer in sugarcane.Seven different treatments were conducted:no fertilization(CK_0),conventional fertilization (CK_1),mulched drip irrigation+conventional fertilization (CK_2),mulched drip fertigation T_(100) (fertilizer amount equated with CK_1) and T_(80),T_(70),T_(60) (20%,30%and 40%reduction of fertilizer amount of T_(100)).Main agronomic characters,cane yield,sucrose content,sugar yield,economic benefit and nutrient utilization rate of sugarcane were measured in the seven different treatments.The results showed that compared with CK_1,the millable stalk number in CK_(2) increased significantly,the tillering rate,plant height,millable stalk number and stalk formation rate in T_(100) were all improved significantly,the effective stalk number and stalk formation rate in T_(80) and T_(70 )were improved significantly.Compared with CK_1,the cane yield in CK_2,T_(100),T_(80) and T_(70) increased significantly by 13.64%,32.20%,27.00%and 20.18%,respectively.In the different drip fertigation treatments,there was no significant differences for cane yield between T_(100) and T_(80),but the cane yield for T_(70) and T_(60) decreased significantly in contrast to T_(100).There was no significant difference in sugar content among the different drip fertigation treatments.The change trend of sugar yield and cane yield among the treatments was consistent.Sugar yield in T_(100) and T_(80) was higher than that in other treatments,and there was no significant difference between that in T_(100) and T_(80).Compared with CK_1,the net benefit in T_(100) and T_(80) increased significantly by 4534.4 yuan/hm~2 and 3953.8 yuan/hm~2,respectively.The net benefit in T_(70) and T_(60) decreased significantly compared with T_(100),and the net benefit in T_(60) was ev

关 键 词：甘蔗 膜下滴灌施肥 化肥减施 产量 养分利用率 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]