大理典型烟区土壤有机质与全氮时空演变特征  

Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Soil Organic Matter and Total Nitrogen in Typical Tobacco-planting Areas of Dali

作　　者：蒯雁 苏欣悦 王晋峰 范志勇[1] 李建华 孙楠[3] 张久权[4] 徐明岗 KUAI Yan;SU Xinyue;WANG Jinfeng;FAN Zhiyong;LI Jianhua;SUN Nan;ZHANG Jiuquan;XU Minggang(Yunnan Province Tobacco Company Dali Prefecture Company,Yunnan Dali 671000,China;Shanxi Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources,Shanxi Institute of Ecological and Environmental Technology,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China;State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China,Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Tobacco Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shandong Qingdao 266101,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草公司大理州公司,云南大理671000 [2]山西农业大学生态环境产业技术研究院,土壤环境与养分资源山西省重点实验室,太原030031 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,农业农村部耕地质量监测与评价重点实验室,北京100081 [4]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,山东青岛266101

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2023年第12期177-185,共9页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：云南烟草公司科技计划项目(2021530000241026)。

摘　　要：为揭示大理烟区土壤有机质和全氮的时空变异特征,为土壤持续利用和管理提供科学依据,运用地统计学方法对巍山县和永平县烟田1982、2012和2022年3个采样时期土壤有机质(soil organic matter,SOM)、全氮(total nitrogen,TN)及碳氮比(carbon nitrogen ratio,C/N)的空间变异特征进行系统分析。结果表明,1982、2012和2022年3个时期的烟田土壤有机质平均含量分别为30.95、31.40和28.03 g·kg^(-1),总体呈先持平后下降趋势;全氮含量分别为1.52、1.76和1.65 g·kg^(-1),呈先增加后降低的趋势;碳氮比平均值分别为11.54、10.59和9.88,呈下降趋势。空间上,1982—2022年SOM和TN含量呈现东高西低,C/N呈现四周高、中间低的空间分布格局。40年间SOM和C/N空间变异受人为管理因素影响增加,TN的块金效应均在25%~75%,其空间变异受成土母质、地形、气候等自然因素和施肥、耕作等人为管理因素共同影响。植烟土壤有机质和全氮含量表现出显著的线性正相关关系。总体上,目前土壤有机质和全氮的空间分布受自然因素和施肥等人为管理因素共同影响,其含量均处于较高水平,该区域应适当减少氮肥用量,有机肥无机肥配合施用,进一步提高烤烟对肥料的养分利用率。In order to reveal the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in tobacco-growing areas of Dali and provide scientific basis for soil sustainable use and management,geostatistical methods were used to systematically analyze the spatial variability of soil organic matter(SOM),total nitrogen(TN)and carbon nitrogen ratio(C/N)in 3 sampling periods of 1982,2012 and 2022 in Weishan county and Yongping county.The results showed that the average content of soil organic matter in the 3 periods were 30.95,31.40 and 28.03 g·kg^(-1),respectively,and all of them showed an overall trend of stabilizing first and then declining.The average contents of total nitrogen were 1.52,1.76 and 1.65 g·kg^(-1),respectively,which increased first and then decreased.The average carbon nitrogen ratio was 11.54,10.59 and 9.88,respectively,showing a decreasing trend.Spatially,SOM and TN contents were higher in the east and lower in the west,while C/N was higher around and lower in the middle from 1982 to 2022.During the 40-years period,the spatial variation of SOM and C/N were increased by human management factors,while the nugget effect of TN was 25%~75%,and the spatial variation was affected by natural factors such as soil parent material,terrain,climate and human management factors such as fertilization and tillage.There was a significant linear positive correlation between SOM and TN contents in tobaccogrowing soil.In conclusion,the spatial distribution of SOM and TN were affected by natural factors and human management factors such as fertilization,and their contents were at a relatively high level.In this area,the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced appropriately,and organic and inorganic fertilizers should be applied together to further improve the nutrient utilization rate of tobacco-growing soils.

关 键 词：植烟土壤 有机质 全氮 碳氮比 时空变异 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]