吉林省畜禽粪便分布特征与环境承载力预警分析  

Distribution Characteristics of Livestock Manure and Warning Analysis of Envi⁃ronmental Carrying Capacity in Jilin Province

作　　者：王静静 王丝语 李红薇 李宣蓉 冯艳春[1] 高明[1] 王正伟 舒坤良[1] 刘洪霞[1] 李忠和[1] WANG Jingjing;WANG Siyu;LI Hongwei;LI Xuanrong;FENG Yanchun;GAO Ming;WANG Zhengwei;SHU Kunliang;LIU Hongxia;LI Zhonghe(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033;Chengdu Xiangcheng Investment Group Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610500,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院,长春130033 [2]成都香城投资集团有限公司,成都610500

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2023年第5期128-135,共8页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(E22010603、CXGC2021TD019)。

摘　　要：畜禽粪便引起的污染问题制约着畜牧业发展,“种养循环”“以地定畜”是畜牧业可持续发展的重要途径。本研究运用产排污系数法,以吉林省统计年鉴数据为计算基础,估算2020年吉林省各县(市区)畜禽养殖污染物产生与流失量,分析单位面积消纳畜禽粪便情况,预警分析、剖析畜禽养殖环境容量与环境承载潜力。结果表明:2020年吉林省畜禽养殖粪污产生总量6 391.56万t,污染物流失量28.07万t,中西部高于东部地区,长春市高于其他8个市(州)。吉林省耕地消纳畜禽粪便预警级别为Ⅰ级,对环境无威胁;但中部地区的东丰县(Ⅴ级)、四平市市区(Ⅳ级)、德惠市市区(Ⅳ级)、舒兰市(Ⅲ级)畜禽养殖量超过环境承载力,对环境造成了不同程度的威胁。其余各县(市区)畜禽养殖尚存在较大环境承载潜力,全省环境承载潜力总量为6 592.78万头猪当量。吉林省大部分县(市区)可以适度开发畜禽养殖,但是风险较高区域建议增加畜禽粪便消纳方式以缓解地区环境压力。The pollution problem caused by livestock manure restricts the development of animal husbandry."Breed⁃ing cycle"and"determining livestock by land"are important ways for the sustainable development of animal hus⁃bandry.This study uses the production and emission coefficient method,based on the statistical yearbook data of Ji⁃lin Province,to estimate the production and loss of pollutants from livestock and poultry farming in various counties(urban areas)of Jilin Province in 2020.We calculated the consumption of livestock and poultry manure per unit area,conducted the warning analysis,and analyzed the environmental capacity and carrying capacity of livestock and poultry.The results show that in 2020,the total amount of livestock and poultry manure produced in Jilin Prov⁃ince was 63.9156 million tons,and the loss of pollution logistics was 280.70 thousand tons.They were higher in the central and western regions than in the eastern regions,and higher in Changchun than in the other 8 cities(prefec⁃ture).Based on the cultivated land,the warning level of livestock and poultry manure consumption in of Jilin Prov⁃ince was Level Ⅰ,which had no threat to the environment.However,in the central region,the amount of livestock and poultry in Dongfeng County(Grade Ⅴ),Siping City(Grade Ⅳ),Dehui City(Grade Ⅳ)and Shulan City(Grade Ⅲ)exceeded their environmental carrying capacities,which caused various degrees of threats to the environment.The other counties(urban areas)still had a large environmental carrying potential for livestock and poultry.The total environmental carrying potential of Jilin Province is 65.9278 million pig equivalent.Most counties(urban areas)in Jilin Province can moderately develop livestock and poultry,but it is recommended to increase the consumption of livestock and poultry manure in high-risk areas to alleviate regional environmental pressure.

关 键 词：畜禽粪便 流失量 生态预警 环境承载力 耕地负荷 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]