嘉兴市70岁及以上老年人接种流行性感冒疫苗的保护效果评价  

Evaluation on protective effect of influenza vaccine among people aged 70 years and older in Jiaxing City

作　　者：侯志刚 刘杨 葛锐[1] 亓云鹏[1] 富小飞 HOU Zhigang;LIU Yang;GE Rui;QI Yunpeng;FU Xiaofei(Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention,Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiaxing,Zhejiang 314050,China)

机构地区：[1]嘉兴市疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制科,浙江嘉兴314050

出　　处：《预防医学》2023年第12期1033-1036,共4页CHINA PREVENTIVE MEDICINE JOURNAL

基　　金：嘉兴市民生科技创新研究(2022AD30098)。

摘　　要：目的评价浙江省嘉兴市≥70岁老年人接种流行性感冒(流感)疫苗的保护效果,为制定免疫接种策略提供依据。方法选择2022年11月—2023年5月在嘉兴市流感监测哨点医院就诊的≥70岁流感样病例(ILI)为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集就诊信息和流感疫苗接种信息,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测流感病毒;采用检测阴性设计的病例对照研究方法,分析流感病毒阳性的影响因素,并评价流感疫苗效果(VE)。结果纳入ILI病例1084例,其中男性535例,占49.35%;女性549例,占50.64%。70~<80岁732例,占67.53%;≥80岁352例,占32.47%。有基础疾病689例,占63.56%。检出流感病毒阳性标本224份,阳性率为20.66%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,≥80岁、有基础疾病和当季接种流感疫苗的ILI病例流感病毒阳性的可能性较低(均P<0.05)。当季接种流感疫苗345例,接种率为31.83%。流感疫苗VE为37.40%(95%CI:12.40%~55.40%),其中对A(H1N1)的VE为36.00%(95%CI:7.50%~55.70%),对A(H3N2)的VE为40.90%(95%CI:-26.00%~72.30%)。对70~<80岁老年人的VE为41.00%(95%CI:13.90%~59.60%),对≥80岁老年人的VE为20.60%(95%CI:-64.60%~61.70%)。结论流感疫苗对≥70岁老年人具有一定保护效果,应持续推进老年人流感疫苗免费接种工作,提高疫苗接种率。Objective To evaluate the protective effect of influenza vaccine among people aged 70 years and older in Ji-axing City,Zhejiang Province,so as to provide a basis for formulating immunization strategies.Methods The influenza-like illness(ILI)cases aged 70 years and older treated in influenza surveillance sentinel hospital in Jiaxing City from November 2022 to May 2023 were selected.The medical information and influenza vaccination information were collected by a questionnaire survey,and influenza virus was detected using the quantitative fluorescent real-time PCR assay.The test-negative design case-control study was used to analyze the influencing factors of influenza virus positive and evaluate vaccine effect(VE).Results Totally 1084 ILI cases were enrolled,including 535 males(49.35%)and 549 females(50.64%).There were 732 cases(67.53%)aged 70 to 79 years,and 352 cases(32.47%)aged 80 years and older.There were 689 cases with underlying diseases,accounting for 63.56%.A total of 224 influenza virus positive samples were de-tected,with a positive rate of 20.66%.Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that a lower possibility of influen-za virus positive was seen in ILI cases aged 80 years and older,with underlying diseases and with influenza vaccina-tion in the current season(all P<0.05).A total of 345 cases were vaccinated against influenza in the current season,with a vaccination rate of 31.83%.The VE of influenza vaccine was 37.40%(95%CI:12.40%-55.40%),of which the VE to A(H1N1)was 36.00%(95%CI:7.50%-55.70%)and to A(H3N2)was 40.90%(95%CI:-26.00%-72.30%).The VE for ILI cases aged 70 to 79 years was 41.00%(95%CI:13.90%-59.60%),and for ILI cases aged 80 years and old-er was 20.60%(95%CI:-64.60%-61.70%).Conclusions Influenza vaccine has a certain protective effect on cases aged 70 years and older.Free influenza vaccination for the elderly should be continuously promoted and the vaccination coverage should be increased.

关 键 词：流行性感冒 疫苗 检测阴性设计 老年人 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]