软颗粒饲料中替代鱼粉对选育中间养成阶段的凡纳滨对虾生长性能、体组成和免疫的影响  

Effects of replacement of fish meal in the soft pelleted feed on the growth performance,body composition and immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei during the middle stage of selective breeding

作　　者：王宁 邓登 马迎飞[2] 邓康裕 WANG Ning;DENG Deng;MA Yingfei;DENG Kangyu(Shenzhen Alpha Feed Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen,Guangdong Province 518054,China;Center for Synthetic Biology Research,Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen,Guangdong Province 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市澳华集团股份有限公司,广东深圳518054 [2]中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院,合成生物学工程研究中心,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《中国饲料》2023年第23期114-120,共7页China Feed

摘　　要：试验旨在探究软颗粒饲料中添加新鲜饵料和海洋性动物水解蛋白替代鱼粉对选育中间养成阶段的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能、体组成和免疫的影响。对照组为凡纳滨对虾商业配合软颗粒饲料,分别以酶解鱼浆(FPH)、酶解虾浆(SPH)、鲢鱼(LY)以及鱿鱼(YY)替代FM组15%鱼粉蛋白配制成4组等氮等脂的软颗粒饲料。饲喂初始体重(25.0±0.33)g的凡纳滨对虾8周。结果显示:各组间凡纳滨对虾的存活率无显著性差异(P>0.05);LY和YY组相比于FM组增重率分别显著提高16.1%和21.3%(P<0.05),FPH、SPH组和FM组的增重率无显著性差异(P>0.05);各组间全虾的水分、粗脂肪和灰分均无显著性差异(P>0.05),SPH、LY和YY组的全虾粗蛋白质含量相比FM组分别显著提高7.6%、8.4%和9.5%(P<0.05);各组间凡纳滨对虾血清中的谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)的活力无显著性差异(P>0.05),相比于FM组,FPH和SPH组血清中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活力显著提高13.0%和12.7%(P<0.05),LY和YY组血清中AKP、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(LZM)的活力均显著高于FM组(LY组分别提高20.6%、16.3%、25.0%、16.0%,YY组分别提高21.1%、18.8%、23.9%、22.5%)(P<0.05)。综上所述,在软颗粒饲料中添加FPH、SPH、LY以及YY替代一定比例的鱼粉可以显著提高饲料的投喂效果,其中以LY和YY效果最佳。The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of fresh feed and marine animal protein hydrolysates instead of fish meal on the growth performance,body composition and immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei.The control group(FM)was fed with commercial soft pelleted feed of Litopenaeus vannamei.Four groups of soft pelleted feed were prepared with enzymatic hydrolyzed fish pulp(FPH),enzymatic`hydrolyzed shrimp pulp(SPH),silver carp(LY)and squid(YY)instead of 15%fishmeal protein in FM group.The shrimp with an initial body weight of(25.0±0.33)g was fed for 8 weeks.The results showed that:there was no significant difference in the survival rate of shrimp among different groups(P>0.05);compared with the FM group,the weight gain rate of LY and YY groups increased significantly by 16.1%and 21.3%,respectively(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference among FPH,SPH and FM groups(P>0.05);there was no significant difference in moisture,crude fat and ash among all groups(P>0.05),but the crude protein content of whole shrimp in SPH,LY and YY groups increased significantly by 7.6%,8,4%and 9.5%compared with FM group(P<0.05);the activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(AST)and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(ALT)in serum of shrimp had no significant difference(P>0.05),but compared with FM group,the activity of alkaline phosphatase(AKP)in serum of FPH and SPH groups increased significantly by 13.0%and 12.7%,respectively(P<0.05).The activities of serum AKP,acid phosphatase(ACP),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and lysozyme(LZM)in LY and YY groups were significantly higher than those in FM group(the LY group increased by 20.6%,16.3%,25.0%and 16.0%,and the YY group increased by 21.1%,18.8%,23.9%and 22.5%,respectively)(P<0.05).The findings showed that adding FPH,SPH,LY and YY to soft pelleted feed instead of a certain proportion of fish meal could significantly improve the feed effect,among which LY and YY were the best.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 软颗粒饲料 选育 生长性能 饲料利用 免疫 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]