中草药混菌固态发酵玉米秸秆饲料及工艺条件的研究  

Research on solid-state fermentation of corn straw feed with Chinese herbal medicine mixed bacteria and its technological conditions

作　　者：蒋鑫[1,2] 沈旭 吴波 庄勇 刘林培 何明雄 JIANG Xin;SHEN Xu;WU Bo;ZHUANG Yong;LIU Linpei;HE Mingxiong(Institute of Ecological Environment,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,Sichuan Province610059,China;Research Centre of Biomass Energy Technology,Key Laboratory of Rural Renewable Energy Development and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu,Sichuan Province 610064,China)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学生态环境学院,四川成都610059 [2]农业农村部沼气科学研究所,农业农村部农村可再生能源开发与利用重点实验室,生物质能技术研究中心,四川成都610064

出　　处：《中国饲料》2023年第23期144-150,共7页China Feed

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-BIOMA);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610012021001_03202);四川省重点研发项目(2023YFN0025)。

摘　　要：目前农作物秸秆存在综合利用效率低以及其生物转化产品饲料附加值低的问题,为提高干玉米秸秆的综合利用率,本研究以干玉米秸秆为主要原料,辅以中草药(黄连、黄芪、黄芩等)、混合菌液(植物乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母、运动发酵单胞菌比例1:1:1:1)、豆粕和葡萄糖混合发酵制作饲料。先通过单因素试验确定各个因素的添加范围为水分含量(60%、65%、70%)、菌液添加量(1%、2%、3%)、尿素添加量(1%)以及葡萄糖添加量(4%、6%、8%),再通过三因素三水平的正交试验,探究混菌固态发酵玉米秸秆饲料最佳发酵工艺条件。研究结果表明:混菌固态发酵玉米秸秆饲料的最佳工艺条件为含水量70%,葡萄糖添加量8%,混合菌液添加量3%,尿素添加量1%,30℃发酵30 d,此条件下,真蛋白含量最高为7.61%;对该发酵工艺条件进行工艺结果验证,混菌固态发酵玉米秸秆饲料中真蛋白含量为7.47%,且添加中草药后能够促进乳酸菌的数量由6.09 Log10CFU/g增加到7.01 Log10CFU/g,增加15.10%,乳酸含量由24.93 g/kg增加到29.38 g/kg,相较对照组(-TCH)提高了17.84%。同时添加中草药能够明显地抑制腐败菌如霉菌和大肠菌属的滋生,以及促进玉米秸秆纤维素和半纤维素的部分降解。此外,添加中草药可提升干物质质量,增加饲料营养保存的完整性。因此,在玉米秸秆中添加中草药添加剂利用混合固体发酵有助于提高饲料发酵质量。At present,the comprehensive utilization efficiency of crop straw is low and the added value of bioconversion products is limited.In order to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of dry corn straw,this study used dry corn straw as the main raw material,supplemented by Chinese herbal medicine(Coptis chinensis,Astragalus membranaceus,Scutellaria baicalensis,etc.),mixed bacterial liquid(Lactobacillus plantarum,Bacillus subtilis,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Zymomonas mobilis ratio 1:1:1:1),soybean meal and glucose mixed fermentation.Firstly,the addition range of each factor was determined by single factor experiment to be moisture content(60%,65%,70%),bacterial liquid addition amount(1%,2%,3%),urea addition amount(1%)and glucose addition amount(4%,6%,8%).Then,through the orthogonal experiment of three factors and three levels,the optimum fermentation conditions of mixed bacteria solid-state fermentation of corn straw feed were explored.The results showed that the optimum conditions for solid-state fermentation of corn straw feed were as follows:water content 70%,glucose addition 8%,mixed bacteria addition 3%,urea addition 1%,fermentation at 30℃for 30 days,and the highest true protein content was 7.61%.The process results were verified under the fermentation process conditions.The true protein content in the mixed bacteria solid-state fermentation corn straw feed was 7.47%,and the addition of Chinese herbal medicine could increase the number of lactic acid bacteria from 6.09 Log10 CFU/g to 7.01 Log10 CFU/g,an increase of 15.10%.The lactic acid content increased from 24.93 g/kg to 29.38 g/kg,which was 17.84%higher than that of the control group(-TCH).The addition of Chinese herbal medicine could significantly inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria such as molds and coliforms,and promote the partial degradation of corn straw cellulose and hemicellulose.In addition,the addition of Chinese herbal medicine improve the quality of dry matter and increase the integrity of feed nutrition preservation.Therefore,adding Chin

关 键 词：玉米秸秆 微贮饲料 正交试验 中草药添加剂 

分 类 号：S816.6[农业科学—饲料科学]