坐姿人体动态特性的有限元法研究  

The dynamic characteristics of sitting human body studied by finite element method

作　　者：郭云强 刘忠[2] 杨先海[1] 董瑞春 朱帅 卢壮旗 GUO Yunqiang;LIU Zhong;YANG Xianhai;DONG Ruichun;ZHU Shuai;LU Zhuangqi(College of Mechanical Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,255000 Zibo,China;Oncology Department,ZiBo Central Hospital,255020 Zibo,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学机械工程学院,淄博255000 [2]淄博市中心医院肿瘤科,淄博255020

出　　处：《应用力学学报》2023年第6期1445-1452,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.52005305);山东省自然科学基金资助项目(No.ZR2019BEE071);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(No.2019M652443)。

摘　　要：为研究振动环境下人体脊椎不同部位响应特点。基于人体解剖结构创建了包括头部、脊椎、肋骨和盆骨的坐姿人体上身三维有限元模型。采用模态法提取了该模型以及不同数量节段脊椎(L3-L4、L1-L5和C1-L5)的30阶模态,并采用随机响应法计算了在垂直方向0~20 Hz白噪声激励下各个脊柱节段在X、Y和Z三个方向的加速度。发现坐姿人体上身的第一阶模态在前后方向,第二阶模态在左右方向。所有模型的第一阶垂向固有频率与现有文献结果相近,所有椎间盘平均加速度响应的峰值频率在坐姿人体垂直频率4~6 Hz范围内,从而证明了模型的有效性。研究发现:对人体影响较大的振动模态主要分布在0~12 Hz以内;椎间盘Z加速度均方根从颈椎到腰椎不断减小,而X加速度均方根在T7-T8附近最小,在椎间盘L4-L5处最大。本研究创建的动力学模型,不仅可用于更为准确地研究人体内部动态响应规律,而且响应计算快速,为进一步提高乘坐舒适性、减少脊椎疾病提供研究方法和理论依据。To study the response characteristics of different parts of spine under whole body vibration,a three-dimensional finite element model of the upper body was established based on the anatomical structure of human body,including head,spine,rib and pelvis.The 30-order modes of the model and different numbers of spinal segments(L3-L4,L1-L5 and C1-L5)were extracted by modal method,and the acceleration of each spinal segment in the X,Y and Z directions under the excitation of 0-20 Hz white noise in the vertical direction was calculated by random response method.It is found that the first mode of the upper body of the sitting body is in the front and back directions,and the second mode is in the left and right directions.The first-order vertical natural frequencies of all models are similar to the literature results,and the peak frequencies of the average acceleration responses of all intervertebral discs are in the range of 4-6 Hz vertical frequencies of sitting human bodies,thus proving the validity of the model.It is found that the modes with great influence on human vibration are mainly distributed within 0-12 Hz.The root mean square of disc Z acceleration decreases from cervical vertebra to lumbar vertebra,while the root mean square of X acceleration is the smallest near T7-T8 and the largest at L4-L5.The dynamic model created in this paper not only can be used to study the internal dynamic response law of the human body more accurately,but also has fast response calculation,which provides a research method and theoretical basis for further improving ride comfort and reducing spinal diseases.

关 键 词：有限元分析 生物力学 坐姿人体 模态分析 随机响应分析 

分 类 号：X827[环境科学与工程—环境工程]