分根区交替滴灌施肥频率对土壤水氮运移及番茄产量的影响  

Effect of Fertilization Frequency on Soil Water,Nitrogen Transport and Tomato Yield Under Alternate Partial Root-zone Drip Irrigation

作　　者：刘宇航 冯许钰 董光华 刘霞 王丹 申丽霞[1] 刘荣豪 LIU Yuhang;FENG Xuyu;DONG Guanghua;LIU Xia;WANG Dan;SHEN Lixia;LIU Ronghao(College of Water Resources Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;Shanxi Energy University,Jinzhong,Shanxi 030604,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,太原030024 [2]山西能源学院,山西晋中030604

出　　处：《土壤》2023年第5期983-990,共8页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51809189);山西省应用基础研究项目(202203021211139,202103021224093,20210302124248);山西省晋中市重点研发计划项目(Y202010)资助。

摘　　要：针对目前我国设施蔬菜实际生产过程中水肥调控不合理及水肥利用效率低的问题,本文通过温室试验研究了分根区交替滴灌施肥(ADF)条件下,不同施肥频率对土壤水分养分运移及番茄产量的影响,为番茄高效水肥调控提供理论依据。试验在ADF下设3个滴灌施肥频率处理F3(3 d)、F6(6 d)、F12(12 d)和1个常规滴灌施肥处理作为对照(CK,频率为6 d)。结果表明,在0~40 cm土层,高频滴灌施肥处理(F3)相比于低频处理(F12)生育期内两年平均土壤含水量和无机氮含量分别增加了7.9%和28.3%;在40~60 cm土层,F3和F6相比于F12处理,两年平均无机氮累积量分别降低了37.8%和23.0%。与F12处理相比,F6处理两年平均番茄生物量、吸氮量和产量分别显著增加16.9%、15.2%和22.6%,而F3和F6处理之间均无显著差异。在相同施肥量和滴灌施肥频率条件下,F6处理在减少40%灌水量的同时能够保持与CK相当产量。因此,适当提高滴灌施肥频率能够促进番茄生长及产量的形成,ADF较常规滴灌施肥具有较大的节水稳产效果。本研究推荐ADF条件下6 d一次的滴灌施肥频率可作为温室番茄生产中较为高效的水肥管理措施。In order to explore the effects of different fertilization frequencies on soil water and nutrient transport and tomato yield under the condition of alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation(ADF),and seek for efficient water and fertilizer regulation measures in tomato production.The experiment set three irrigation and fertilization frequency treatments F3(3 d),F6(6 d),F12(12 d)under ADF and a conventional drip irrigation fertilization treatment as control(CK,frequency is 6 d).The results showed that in 0–40 cm soil layer,the two years average soil water content and inorganic nitrogen content of high-frequency irrigation and fertilization treatment(F3)were increased by 7.9%and 28.3%compared with low-frequency treatment(F12)during the growth period.In the 40–60 cm soil layer,the two years average accumulation amount of inorganic nitrogen of F3 and F6 treatment decreased by 37.8%and 23.0%,respectively,compared with that of F12 treatment.Compared with F12 treatment,the average tomato biomass,nitrogen uptake and yield of F6 treatment in two years increased by 16.8%,15.2%and 22.6%,respectively,but there was no significant difference between F6 and F3 treatment.Under the same fertilization amount and irrigation fertilization frequency,F6 treatment reduced 40%of the irrigation amount while maintaining the same yield as CK.Therefore,appropriately increasing the frequency of irrigation and fertilization can promote tomato growth and yield formation,and ADF has greater water-saving and stable yield effect than conventional drip irrigation and fertilization.This study recommended that applying fertilizer once every 6 days under ADF could be a more efficient water and fertilizer management measure in greenhouse tomato production.

关 键 词：分根区交替灌溉 滴灌施肥频率 土壤水分 土壤无机氮 番茄产量 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]