长期外源有机物料添加对川中丘陵区农田土壤养分和有机碳组分的影响  

Effects of Exogenous Organic Materials on Soil Nutrients and Organic Carbon Components in Hilly Region of Central Sichuan,China

作　　者：刘玲[1,2] 崔俊芳 杨红薇 唐家良 LIU Ling;CUI Junfang;YANG Hongwei;TANG Jialiang(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610299,China;Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610299 [2]西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院,成都611756

出　　处：《土壤》2023年第5期991-1000,共10页Soils

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2022YFD1901401);四川省科技计划项目(2022YFS0500,2022NSFSC0102)资助。

摘　　要：以盐亭紫色土农业生态试验站长期不同施肥处理试验为平台,探究了两种形式的外源有机物料(猪粪堆肥和秸秆还田)添加对土壤有机碳及全氮、全磷、硝态氮和有效磷含量的影响,并基于固态^(13)C核磁共振波谱技术(^(13)C-NMR)分析了其对土壤有机碳化学组分的影响。研究发现:添加有机物料可显著增加0~30 cm土层土壤有机碳和各养分指标的含量,其中有机碳、全氮、全磷、有效磷和硝态氮增幅分别为22.13%~100.15%、28.98%~84.29%、18.33%~94.17%、38.52%~152.36%和219.45%~741.78%,猪粪堆肥施用对土壤全磷、有效磷和硝态氮含量的影响大于秸秆还田。两种有机物料添加均改变了耕层(0~20 cm)土壤有机碳化学组成及其稳定性,其中0~10 cm表层土壤有机碳中烷氧基碳和羧基碳的比例提高,烷基碳的比例降低,10~20 cm土层羧基碳比例降低、烷基碳比例增加。因此,长期有机物料添加可显著提高川中丘陵区旱耕地有机碳库及其稳定性。本研究可为碳汇功能评估提供科学参考。Based on different fertilization treatments in Yanting Purple Soil Agro-Ecological Experimental Station for a long period,the effects of two forms of exogenous organic materials(pig manure composting and straw returning)on the contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus were explored,and soil organic carbon components were analyzed by^(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(^(13)C-NMR).The results showed that organic materials addition significantly increased the contents of soil organic carbon and nutrients in 0–30 cm soil,the contents of organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen increased by 22.13%–100.15%,28.98%–84.29%,18.33%–94.17%,38.52%–152.36%and 219.45%–741.78%,respectively.The effects of pig manure compost on the contents of total phosphorus,available phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen in soil were greater than those of straw returning.Both pig manure and straw addition caused changes of soil organic carbon components of tilled soil(0–20 cm),which increased the proportions of alkoxy carbon and carboxyl carbon and decreased the proportion of alkyl carbon at 0–10 cm soil,while increased the proportion of carboxyl carbon but increased the proportion of alkyl carbon at 10–20 cm soil.In conclusion,long-term addition of organic materials can significantly improve the organic carbon pool and its stability of dry farmland in hilly areas of central Sichuan.This work could provide scientific reference for evaluation of carbon sink function.

关 键 词：土壤有机碳 有机碳组分 土壤养分 有机物料 紫色土 

分 类 号：S344.13[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]