砂姜黑土中兼具促生功能的纤维素降解菌的筛选及其应用  

Screening and Application of Cellulose Decomposing Bacteria with Growth Promoting Function on Shajiang Black Soil

作　　者：张子赟 朱林[1] 胡占琴 朱媛媛 卫正宇 张朝春[3] 徐文思 马超[1] ZHANG Ziyun;ZHU Lin;HU Zhanqin;ZHU Yuanyuan;WEI Zhengyu;ZHANG Chaochun;XU Wensi;MA Chao(Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention/Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer/Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration,Ministry of Natural Resources,College of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Anhui Soil and Fertilizer Station,Hefei 230001,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100091,China;Anhui Huinong Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室/安徽省绿色磷肥智能制造与高效利用工程研究中心/自然资源部江淮耕地资源保护与生态修复重点实验室/安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽省土壤肥料总站,合肥230001 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100091 [4]安徽荟农生物科技有限公司,合肥230036

出　　处：《土壤》2023年第5期1062-1069,共8页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32071628);安徽省高校自然科学基金项目(KJ2021ZD0009);安徽省科技重大专项(202103a06020012);省级大学生创新训练项目(201910364086)资助。

摘　　要：为实现砂姜黑土地区秸秆资源化利用以及作物增产,本研究从该区小麦-玉米轮作土壤中筛选具有促生功能的纤维素降解菌株。通过羧甲基纤维素酶活(CMC)与吲哚乙酸(IAA)分泌量测定,筛选出1株具有高效降解纤维素的促生菌株。经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,该菌株为普沙根瘤菌(Rhizobium pusense),命名为X2。小麦秸秆降解和玉米盆栽初步试验结果显示,X2菌株经液态发酵15 d后小麦秸秆降解率为16.1%,较对照显著提升65.4%;接种该菌株后盆栽土壤中碱解氮含量较对照显著提高了72.7%,植株根系的平均直径、表面积以及地上部干物质量显著增加了22.0%、28.6%和33.3%。为进一步提高该菌株的活性,采用单因素试验对菌株的培养条件进行优化,结果表明,X2菌株在装液量为25 mL/250 mL、氮源为酵母粉、pH为6.0时生长和产IAA能力最优,产酶的最适pH为5.0。综上,所筛菌株X2具有秸秆降解和玉米促生能力,可在砂姜黑土地区为秸秆资源化利用提供新的微生物资源。In this study,cellulose-degrading strains with plant growth promotion were isolated and screened from wheat and corn rotation system in Shajiang black soil to achieve resource utilization of straw and high-stable maize production.By monitoring carboxymethyl cellulase activity(CMC)and indoleacetic acid(IAA)secretion,a high IAA-production ability strain with excellent efficiency in cellulose breakdown was identified.The X2 strain was identified as Rhizobium pusense based on morphology and physiological and biochemical properties as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.It was found that the straw degradation ratio could reach to 16.1%on the 15 d of liquid fermentation conditions,which was 65.4%higher than that of the control;in addition,alkaline nitrogen content in the potted soil was significantly higher than that of the control after inoculation with this strain.The average root diameter,surface area,and above-ground dry weight of the plants increased significantly by 22.0%,28.6%,and 33.3%,respectively.To further improve the activity of the strain,the culture conditions of the strain were optimized using a single-factor test.The maximum growth,CMC activity,and IAA production were obtained at optimal fermentation conditions(liquid volume 25 mL/250 mL,yeast powder as nitrogen source,and pH 5.0–6.0).In summary,the sieved X2 strain has the ability of straw degradation and maize promotion,it can provide a new microbial resource for straw resource utilization in Shajiang black soil area.

关 键 词：砂姜黑土 普沙根瘤菌 秸秆促腐 作物促生 条件优化 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]