麻阳河国家级自然保护区黑叶猴野外投食群动态观察  

Dynamic observation of provisioned wild Trachypithecus francoisi in Mayanghe National Nature Reserve,Guizhou

作　　者：张鹏 颜修刚 石运 杨德 王彬 李伟 杨远露 杨朝辉 吴光阳 蔡鸷 李思尧 邹浩 张璠 ZHANG Peng;YAN Xiugang;SHI Yun;YANG De;WANG Bin;LI Wei;YANG Yuanlu;YANG Zhao‐hui;WU Guangyang;CAI Zhi;LI Siyao;ZOU Hao;ZHANG Fan(Mayanghe National Nature Reserve Administration,Yanhe 565300,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州麻阳河国家级自然保护区管理局,沿河565300

出　　处：《兽类学报》2023年第6期753-759,共7页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：贵州省林业优秀青年人才培养专项基金(黔林科合J字〔2022〕16号)。

摘　　要：黑叶猴(Trachypithecus francoisi)属灵长目猴科疣猴亚科乌叶猴属(Trachypithecus)。全球范围内分布很窄,仅分布于中国的贵州、重庆、广西以及越南、老挝的部分地区,分布范围窄与其生活的石山环境和物种形成机制有密切关系(Nadlerand Brockman, 2014),目前全球黑叶猴数量接近2 500~3 000只(黄乘明等,2018)。《国家重点保护野生动物名录》(2021)中黑叶猴为国家一级重点保护野生动物,《世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》(IUCN)(2020-2)为濒危(EN),列入濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约(CITES)附录(2019)Ⅱ物种。随着栖息地质量改善,人为猎杀减少.From 2009 to 2021,a direct observation method was used to track and monitor a provisioned group of Trachypithecus francoisi in Mayanghe National Nature Reserve.The observation period covered 1846 days with an average annual working days of 142.In total,31 adults(15 males,16 females)were observed and,in addition,26 babies were born with a male-female ratio of 1.2∶1(14 male,12 female)of which 15 infants survived(7 males,8 females),a survival rate of 57.7%.For the whole group,the average annual monkey group birth rate was about 22.8%and the annual loss rate was about 11.4%.The number of births exhibited a bimodal distribution,peaking from February to April and from July to October.The average reproductive interval of adult monkeys was 18.7 months but shortened to 16.3 months after the death or disappearance of a newborn.During 2019‒2021,the average growth rate of the group was 11.4%,the number of monkeys had generally stabilized and was self-sustaining.However,as of the end of December 2021,the feeding group had dwindled to just nine individuals(two males and seven females)due to individual deaths,disappearances,and expulsions of some sub-adults.There were no infants or juveniles and insufficient sub-adults.Furthermore,the proportion of middle-aged and elderly individuals was high,resulting in an imbalanced age structure.This study provides basic data related to long-term monitoring of wild Trachypithecus francoisi in Mayanghe National Nature Reserve.This has provided an important basis for follow-up scientific research,educational projects,and monitoring and management of Trachypithecus francoisi in the reserve.Moreover,it has ensured that this flagship species and its habitats are effectively protected and sustainably used,so as to promote the high-quality development of biodiversity protection in this region.

关 键 词：麻阳河国家级自然保护区 黑叶猴 野外投食群 动态观察 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]