轻罪立法扩张及其司法应对  

Legislative Expansion of Misdemeanor and Its Judicial Responses

作　　者：陈小彪[1] 张婉悦 CHEN Xiaobiao;ZHANG Wanyue(School of Law,Southwest University of Political Science&Law Chongqing 401120)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《中国刑警学院学报》2023年第5期14-26,共13页Journal of Criminal Investigation Police University of China

摘　　要：刑事立法逐渐增设轻罪,呈明显立法扩张态势。既有犯罪圈不断扩大,或涉嫌过度回应公众情绪。刑事立法活性化必然导致刑事司法扩张,继而引起犯罪人口急剧上升,轻罪立法价值逐渐偏移,与“严而不厉”的刑法结构导向相悖,概因我国事实上的“圆筒型”司法体制导致出罪困难,刑罚结构过于单一导致出刑困难。如寄望于通过司法适度限缩以调适立法扩张可能带来的负面后果,首先要坚持实质解释立场对轻罪侵害的法益和构成要件进行解释,避免保护法益认定中的秩序泛化,由总则分则关系视之,轻罪司法亦应受制于犯罪概念中的但书规定;其次须结合少捕慎诉慎押的刑事司法政策从程序上进行犯罪控制,避免过度监禁化,尽量减少轻罪行为人的机构化经历带来的负面影响;最后应对刑罚执行与宣告、刑罚执行后的处遇措施等进行司法限缩,构建多元化、轻重罪区隔的犯罪附随后果体系。The criminal legislation gradually adds misdemeanors,showing an obvious trend of legislative expansion.The widening of the existing criminal circle may be suspected of being overly responsive to the characteristics of public sentiment.The activation of criminal legislation will inevitably lead to the expansion of criminal justice,which will lead to a rapid increase of the criminal population and the gradual deviation of the legislative value of misdemeanors.It is contrary to the“Strict but not severe”goal of criminal law structure.It is because of the fact that“Cylindrical”judicial system in our country leads to the difficulty of ruling out crime,and the penalty structure is too unitary to cause the difficulty of exemption from punishment.If we want to reduce the negative consequences brought about by the expansion of legislation through the moderate restriction of judicature,we must first adhere to the position of substantive interpretation of criminal law,and explain the legal interestsinfringed by the misdemeanor and the constitutive requirements of the misdemeanors,and avoid the generalization of legal order when recognizing legal interests.From the relationship between the general and specific provisions of criminal law,the justice of misdemeanor crime should also be subject to the provisos in the concept of crime.Second,we must combine the criminal justice policy of“Less Arrest,Cautious Prosecution and Detention”to control the crime procedurally,avoid over-incarceration and to minimize the negative life consequences of the institutionalization experience of the perpetrators of the misdemeanor perpetrator.Finally,judicial restrictions should be carried out on the execution and declaration of penalty,and the punishment measures after the execution of penalty,so as toestablish a diversified system of criminal collateral consequences,which distinguishes misdemeanor crimes from felonies.

关 键 词：轻罪制度 立法扩张 司法限缩 实质解释 但书适用 程序控制 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]