中国家庭育儿成本(1988—2018):基于边际成本法的货币支出  

Costs of Raising Children for Chinese Family(1988—2018):Monetary Expenditure Based on Marginal Cost Approach

作　　者：樊林峰 FAN Lin-feng(School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学劳动人事学院

出　　处：《消费经济》2023年第5期38-50,共13页Consumer Economics

摘　　要：育儿成本是影响家庭生育率的重要因素,为了衡量我国家庭的育儿负担及其变化情况,文章采用边际成本法,利用多源数据构建时间序列数据,估算了我国家庭在不同时期育儿的货币成本。实证结果表明子女数量越多的家庭在养育子女时面临的经济负担也会越大。从全样本的估计结果来看,家庭在养育子女时,随着子女数量的增加,消费总支出存在规模经济;而在具体的消费项目上既存在规模经济,也存在规模不经济。就家庭在具体消费项目上的育儿成本而言,与无子女家庭相比,食品、居住和教育是有子女家庭在养育子女时额外支出额度位列前三位的消费项目。从1988—2018年分年度的估计结果来看,家庭养育第一个子女的边际成本在波动中呈现出稳步上升的趋势;且食品、教育和居住始终是家庭在养育子女时支出额度位列前三位的消费项目,家庭养育子女的边际成本结构在较长的时间段内未出现大的变动。Child cost is an import factor affecting family fertility rate,in order to measure the burden and its change bought by children for Chinese family,we apply marginal cost approach and use CHIP,CFPS and CSS dataset to estimate the monetary cost of raising children for Chinese family in different periods.The results show that families with more children will also face greater financial burden in raising children.From the whole sample estimation results,there are economies of scale in the total consumption expenditure of families when raising children,there are both economies of scale and diseconomies of scale in specific consumption items.In terms of the marginal cost of specific consumption items,food,housing and education are the top three costs of raising children for families with children.From estimation results of each year from 1988 to 2018,marginal cost of raising the first children presents a fluctuation but steadily rising trend.at the same time,food,education and housing is always the top three consumption items,and the marginal cost structure of raising children has not changed significantly over a long period of time.

关 键 词：育儿成本 抚育成本 边际成本 子女数量 家庭负担 

分 类 号：F126[经济管理—世界经济]