PT1249藏文音写四分律抄断片  

Study on P.T.1249,a Fragmental Manuscript of Dharmagupta-vinaya Phonetically Transcribed in Tibetan

作　　者：高田时雄[1] TAKADA Toshio(Institute of Humanities Science,Kyoto University,Kyoto 606-8501,Japan)

机构地区：[1]京都大学人文科学研究所,日本京都606-8501

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2023年第5期34-39,共6页Dunhuang Research

摘　　要：法藏PT1249号残片,是用藏文音写的汉文文献,其内容难以解读,以往并无人涉及。笔者通过对该残片的研究认为:其内容是式叉摩那受大戒时所使用的问答的一部分,除了起首的导言外,作白的语句均是抄录自《四分律·比丘尼揵度》。目前为止,从未发现有使用藏文音写的汉文律藏文献。而与该文献完全一致的汉字文本,似也未能留存下来。不过,受戒时此类对白是必须的,因此必定为僧尼所记诵。从其对音的特点来看,该写本时代约在吐蕃统治时期。本文提出藏汉文的对照文本,不见于《四分律》的部分语句由笔者按照对音补缺。据此文献可知,在吐蕃时期的敦煌,不识汉字的式叉摩那也能够受大戒,成为正式的尼师。而这一残片除了丰富我们对敦煌佛教的实际情况的认识之外,也加深了我们对敦煌语言文字的理解。P.T.1249,a fragmental manuscript in a French collection of historical documents,is a Chinese manuscript pho netically transcribed into Tibetan.Because the content of the manuscript is hard to decipher,it has previously received no aca demic attention.This study examines the fragment and concludes that its content is related to the questions and answers used by siksamānā(female novice trainees)when receiving instruction in Buddhist precepts.Except for an introduction at the beginning,the sentences in the text are all narrative lines copied from the“Skandha for Bhikkhuni”in the Dharmagupta-vinaya(Vinaya in Four Parts).No Chinese documents of the Vinaya Pitaka transcribed phonetically in Tibetan have ever been found among Chinese historical documents that are completely consistent with P.T.1249.However,a dialogue is necessary when Buddhist precepts are being transmitted,which means that this manuscript was likely memorized and recited by Buddhist nuns.Judging from various textual characteristics of the phonetic transcription,this manuscript can be dated to the period of Tibetan Occupation with a fair degree of certainty.This paper proposes that using another Tibetan-Chinese text for comparison will be useful for identifying sentences that cannot be found in the Dharmagupta-vinaya by searching for the corresponding pronunciation.Based on this methodology,it can be seen from this manuscript that during the Tibetan Occupation period in Dunhuang,siksamānāwho were unable to read Chinese characters were still eligible to receive the Great Precepts and become formal tutors for nuns.Study of this document has not only enriched our understanding of Buddhist monastery practices in Dunhuang,but also deepened our understanding of the languages used in the region.

关 键 词：吐蕃时期敦煌 藏文音写汉文文献 《四分律》 受戒 

分 类 号：K879.21[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]