论国际平行诉讼的海牙公约方法与中国因应——以新《民事诉讼法》第281条为中心  

Research on the Approach of International Civil Parallel Proceedings of Hague Convention and the Response of China——Concentrate on Article 281 of the New Civil Procedure Law

作　　者：郭镇源 Guo Zhenyuan

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2023年第4期28-41,共14页Journal of International Economic Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“国际私法视域下中国法域外适用的制度构建研究”(20&ZD202)的阶段性成果;浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“大国竞争背景下国际平行诉讼问题研究(23NDJC110YB)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：海牙国际私法会议举办二十年间所制定的一系列公约展现出平行诉讼方法的变化与谈判各方的分歧,反映了各国开始更加重视本国管辖权自由裁量权的趋势。在“直接管辖权”项中,由欧盟主导的具有确定性的先受理原则与美国主导的具有灵活性的不方便法院方法和更适合法院方法成为各方争议的焦点。在涉外法治建设的背景下,2023年修订的《民事诉讼法》首次在立法中兼采先受理法院原则与更适合法院方法,明确了国际平行诉讼的处理规则。这一方面是我国涉外法治发展的巨大进步,另一方面也存在不利于我国法院维护自身的涉外案件管辖权的一定风险。为此,我国可考虑在未来对国际平行诉讼作进一步细分,在财产性诉讼中适当保留我国法院管辖权的自主性,在身份诉讼中更加积极采用先受理法院原则,以便与国际主流接轨的同时使我国法院在必要时获取管辖权。The evolution of schemes of international parallel proceedings in a series of conventions during the two decades by the Hague Conference on Private International Law(HCCH),and the controversy between the negotiating parties reflect the tendency that states pay more attention to the autonomy of their own jurisdictions.In the“ongoing jurisdiction project”of the HCCH,the EU-led“first in-time-rule”pattern and the US-led forum non conveniens pattern and“more appropriate forum”pattern are the focuses of current negotiations between countries.In the context of construction of foreign-related rule of law,it's the first time that the revised Civil Procedure Law 2023 comprehensively adopted“first in-time-rule”and“more appropriate forum”,defining the rule of parallel proceedings.On the one hand,it is a great progress in the development of foreign-related rule of law in China,on the other hand,there is also certain risks that it is not conducive for Chinese courts to maintain their jurisdiction over foreign-related cases.Therefore,China could consider subdivide the cases of international parallel litigation,properly retain the autonomy of jurisdiction in property-based dispute,more actively adopt the“first in time-rule”in the foreign human identity relations disputes,so as to keep the possibilities for China's courts to acquire jurisdiction when necessary,at the same time,in line with the international mainstream.

关 键 词：国际民事诉讼 平行诉讼 先受理法院原则 海牙国际私法会议 涉外法治 

分 类 号：D997.3[政治法律—国际法学] D925.1[政治法律—法学]