全球法律实践下数据域外管辖边界的成案研究:扩张与限缩中的利益平衡  

Case Study of Data Extraterritorial Jurisdictional Boundaries in Global Legal Practice:Balance of Interests Between Expansion and Limitation

作　　者：周智琦 Zhou Zhiqi

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2023年第4期42-53,共12页Journal of International Economic Law

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“国际数字经济规则建构中的个人信息保护研究”(21FFXB073)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：从全球数据域外管辖的立法、司法与执法实践中来看,一方面数字监管的“逐顶竞争”已经形成国际共识,域外效力条款趋同下立法管辖权单边扩张,目的解释下域外司法管辖权间接延伸等现象频发。另一方面,主权国家并非一味地延伸其管辖边界,相反,出于各国对数据纠纷所涉法益差异性保护的尊重,以及主权平等原则的外在约束,域外执法管辖始终保持着克制与谨慎。这种扩张与限缩并存的实践现状,是因为数据域外管辖权边界的设定,本质上取决于三组利益诉求与价值取向的博弈结果。因此,对于我国域外数据管辖边界的设定,既要保障规则设定的正当性,以平衡数据主权的扩张与国际法原则的约束;又要保障规则适用的必要性,以平衡个案复杂法益的价值冲突;还要保障规制结果的适当性,以平衡司法预期效益与实际执行效果。From the legislative,judicial and law enforcement practices of global data extraterritorial jurisdiction,on the one hand,the“competition to the top”of digital supervision has formed an international consensus,the unilateral expansion of legislative jurisdiction under the convergence of extraterritorial effect clauses,the purpose of explaining the phenomenon of indirect extension of extraterritorial jurisdiction frequently.On the other hand,sovereign states do not blindly extend their jurisdictional boundaries,on the contrary,out of respect for the protection of the difference of legal interests involved in data disputes and the external constraints of the principle of sovereign equality,extraterritorial law enforcement jurisdictions have always maintained restraint and prudence.This kind of expansion and limitation coexist in practice,because the setting of extra-territorial jurisdiction boundaries of data essentially depends on the game results of three groups of interest demands and value orientation.Therefore,the establishment of the extraterritorial data jurisdictional boundary of our country should not only safeguard the legitimacy of the establishment of rules,but also balance the expansion of data sovereignty and the constraint of international law principles.It is also necessary to ensure the necessity of the application of rules to balance the value conflicts of complex legal interests of individual cases.It is also necessary to ensure the appropriateness of the regulatory results in order to balance the expected judicial benefits and the actual execution effects.

关 键 词：立法域外管辖权 司法域外管辖权 执法域外管辖权 利益平衡 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学] D912.1[政治法律—法学]